广东省佛山市顺德区2019-2020学年高一下学期英语普通高中教学质量检测试卷

    Back in March, when the COVID-19 virus had just started its deadly influence across the country and people were terrified about a lack of every daily necessity, Jonny Blue focused on one particularly urgent need. Blue, a 33-year-old doctor saw reports of people buying and storing toilet paper. He came up with a simple yet clever solution.

    One Saturday morning, Blue took a piece of cardboard, wrote "Share Your Toilet Paper" on it in huge letters, and camped out on the street corner. "It just inspired me to remind people that if you have a lot of something, that probably means there are people who don't have very much of it because you took it all," Blue said. "So sharing it is probably a good thing to keep in mind."

    The response was immediate and positive, with motorists honking horns(鸣笛) in support. Drivers stopped to drop off spare rolls of toilet paper, and, just as quickly, Blue handed them out.

    "This guy said he just ran out and was going to a bunch of stores and couldn't find any," Blue said as cars went by. "Somebody had given me some, so I gave it to him. He was excited. He was like, 'Do you want me to pay you?' I said, 'No, man. Take it.'"

    A moment later, a driver in a white pickup truck slowed down just enough to take out a roll to add to Blue's collections.

    "People are loving it," Blue said. "They're honking, smiling, laughing. It's kind of a hard time right now. People want a sense of community."

    Jeremy grew up being active in sports. But he never thought about healthy eating until he found himself gaining weight several years after college. Last week, Jeremy hit a turning point when he found that he was too out of shape to play in a company football team. He decided to change his eating habits.

    The first step Jeremy took toward healthy eating was to stop going to fast-food restaurants. Jeremy used to eat fast food as often as 4 times a week. To his surprise, he found that giving up fast food wasn't that difficult. Now, he says, "I don't even like it anymore." When Jeremy does go out to eat, he tries to pick menu items that he knows are healthier. He orders salads and lower-fat sandwiches instead of hamburgers, and he drinks water instead of soda pop. "I try to order things that are already prepared the way I would like them to be prepared."

    Planning meals has been a key to Jeremy's success. It helps him avoid getting too hungry and eating fast food. Each week he plans what he will eat for each meal, and he shops for groceries (食品杂货) with his plan in mind. "It's a lot easier to make healthy choices when you're just planning ahead for it." Rather than cutting out certain foods, Jeremy sometimes includes his favourite foods in his eating plan. "That way I don't feel like I'm letting myself down by not sticking to my plan."

    Jeremy's friends and family noticed when he started eating healthier. They have helped him to make a habit of his healthy eating changes. "It made me feel pretty good, especially when people started making comments about the changes I was making," he says. "You just get the positive energy."

    Jose Adolfo is a banker from Peru. He encourages children to save money and offers his customers cash for recycling plastic wastes. But the remarkable thing is that he is still a child himself.

    By the age of 7, he decided to create a bank for children. He was motivated by seeing his classmates skipping lunch because they had spent the little money they had on sweets or football cards. What drove him even more was the poverty he saw among children.

    With the support of a local company, the 14-year-old founded the Bartselana student bank which now has more than 2,000 customers between the ages of 10 and 18. Children can withdraw (提取) money from several cashpoints of the bank. They can also monitor their balances online. What makes it different from traditional banks is that it sets savings goals for children. They have to reach those goals in order to withdraw their money.

    The student bank really took off when he came up with the "Recycle Plan", a new way for the children to earn money by collecting recyclable plastic or paper waste. Students can bring recyclable plastic bottles, used school books and old newspapers to the schools and put them into the collecting boxes. The recycling is weighed and the money goes to their bank accounts.

    The bank recycles 4.4 tons of material a month and has collecting boxes in seven schools in Arequipa. More are on a waiting list. Increasingly the model is in demand in the rest of Peru and abroad.

    His efforts have been noticed by Peru's environment ministry. "He's making an amazing change in financial (理财的) education that perhaps many adults could not come up with," said the Peru's environment minister, Lucia Ruiz. "He's achieving a double goal because he's not just designing a financial opportunity for children and teenagers but also helping to reduce waste in the country."

    When you think of a robot, what do you see? A machine that looks a bit like you and me?

     They don't need to look like humans — in fact, most don't.

    What a robot looks like depends on its purpose. Cleaning robots often look like little vacuums.  Robots that are meant to interact with people often have a face, eyes, or a mouth — just like we do!

    Whether they look like us or not, most robots have three essential parts that make them a robot: sensors, actuators and programs.

    Together, these parts are what make a robot different from other gadgets you might have around your house, like your computer or your washing machine.

     Just like we have eyes to sense light, ears to sense sound, robots have light sensors and cameras so they can "see," microphones so they can "hear".

    Second, a robot has actuators that allow it to move around.  And we might use our hands to pick up an orange and peel it. A robot might use actuators such as motors and wheels to drive to places, and finger-like grippers (机器人手爪) to grasp objects and control them or turn them around.

    Third, a robot needs a program that lets it act on its own based on what it is sensing. When a robot is autonomous, it's not quite the same as a person being autonomous, because a person still has to write the computer program that tells the robot what to do.

A. Flying robots might have wings like birds.

B. The past robots were not artificially intelligent.

C. We might use our legs and feet to walk and run.

D. This ability to act on one's own is called autonomy.

E. First, a robot has sensors that allow it to "see" the world.

F. We would need some actuators so that the robot could move.

G. The reality is that robots can have different shapes and sizes.

    We live on a small floating (漂浮的) village. Although we loved to watch football, no one had ever 1 it — space is hard to find. So when other villagers heard we planned to 2 our own football team, they thought it was 3. "What are you kids doing? Look where you live." They were 4. We'd have to create our own space first, on water.

    After a lot of 5, such as collecting old wood and tying old fishing rafts (木筏) together, we had our own ground finally. But the ground was so small that the ball went into the 6 often. And so did we. Besides, we had to play on a shaky and 7 wooden ground. So our ball control got really good.

    One day, we heard of a football tournament (锦标赛) on the mainland. Not sure if we were 8 enough to enter, we decided to play anyway. It was a big 9 that the fellow villagers gave us their full support and even bought us new shoes.

    It soon became 10 that we were much better than we thought. Our 11 had developed nicely on the wooden ground before. And the goals here were bigger. We 12 it to the final.

    The final started 13. The heavy rain filled our shoes with water, making us 14. After a bad first half, to turn around the 15, we decided to take off the 16 shoes. Playing in bare feet was more comfortable for us and we could 17 faster. Although we lose the match at the last minute, we 18 to get this far. And the villagers were really 19 of us.

    Now our team has won many championships. We believe, with hope and courage, dreams can 20 be made, despite a lack of money and resources.

    This is a real story of a team of high school inventors. One team member noticed that his town didn't have ramps (斜坡) between streets and pavements.troubled him because his sister relied on wheelchair for movement. Without ramps, she had difficulty (get) around. The old part of town was (especial) difficult for her.

    The invention team decided (build) an attachment (附加装置) for wheelchairs. The work was difficult and challenging,  the students had two teachers who helped them. First, the team  (member) researched how wheelchairs operated. They built a small model of their idea. Then they (construct) a full-size model. The wheelchair has attachments on both sides. Each attachment includes a ramp that extends from a telescoping (伸缩) arm. This  (use) and unique attachment received a US patent (专利) in 2010. To learn more the wheelchair attachment, search for the patent number 7,850,189 on the Internet.