广东省河源市重点中学2021-2022学年高一上学期10月第一次段考英语试题题

In most parts of the world, many students help their schools make less pollution. They join "environment clubs(俱乐部)". In an environment club, people work together to make our environment clean. Here are some things students often do.

No-garbage (垃圾) lunches. How much do you throw away after lunch? Environment clubs ask students to bring their lunches in bags that can be used again. Every week they will choose the classes that make the least garbage and report them to the whole school.

No-car day. On a no-car day, nobody comes to school in a car. Not the students and not the teachers! Cars give pollution to our air, so remember: walk jump, bike and run. Use your legs! It's lots of fun.

Turn off the water! Did you know that some toilets can waste twenty to forty cubic (立方) meters of water an hour? In a year, that would fill a small river! In environment clubs, students mend those broken toilets. We love our environment. Let's work together to make it clean.

American schools are quite different from those in China. In America, at the beginning of the term, students must select their subjects and teachers first.

Selecting is very important for your grades in America. So at the first term, don't select too many subjects or you'll feel very nervous and it may influence your study. Then you have to ask for some teaching plans. There is some information about subjects, timetables, marks and textbooks. At the same time, you must choose the teachers. Different teachers have different teaching methods. If the teacher is called "killer" by the last grade, many students will give up choosing him. Because this kind of teacher will leave too much homework, too many exams and give too low grades.

There is another thing after you select the subjects and the teacher. How to buy textbooks makes each student feel hard. The textbooks in America are very expensive. Each one is about $30-50. In order to save money, many students buy some used textbooks, and some students usually borrow textbooks from the school library.

In class, discussing is very important. The teacher encourages you to ask questions or show your own opinions. They don't usually ask you to sit well. Instead they allow you to sit or stand everywhere you like.

Scientists are using robots to study the health of waters in and around Venice, Italy. The robots are designed to act like fish, other underwater creatures and plants. The scientists are working with several universities and research centers as part of a group called subCULTron. The European Union gives money to the project as part of its Horizon 2020 program whose aim is to take great ideas from the lab to the market and support science and innovation (创新) in Europe. The scientists want to use the artificial intelligence of the robots to help humans understand what is happening under the water of the Venice lagoon (潟湖).

SubCULTron, a collective artificial intelligence project, plans to create the biggest shoal (鱼群) of robot fish in the world. The project's aim is to improve knowledge of the seabed and try to turn human abilities into hi-tech items.

Alexandre Campo, a computer scientist, says the scientists have looked at the way animals learn to work in groups to understand how robots can learn to work together. The subCULTron project wants its robots to learn to work together so they can watch out for changes and new problems in the water.

One problem the researchers had in the beginning was how the robots would communicate with each other. Wi-Fi and GPS equipment don't work underwater. Instead，the robots can use sonar (声呐) and an electric field.

Another problem was charging batteries. The robots come up to the water's surface and stay near a boat or a power station to charge without any electrical cables. Besides, how to be water- proof, especially for some key pads of the robots, was really tough. Fortunately, a special mixture has been created to be pinned on the robot, which successfully stands the test of water.

The health state of the lagoon is pretty good. There are no industrial polluters, and the city now has a modem sewer (污水管) system. It's not like before when all the waste flushed directly into the water. The robots in Venice will continue their work until 2019. The subCULTron project hopes they develop into "an artificial society underneath the water surface" that serves "a human society above the water".

Trekking (徒步旅行) 500 miles across Spain is no easy task for anyone, but for the wheelchair user Justin Skeesuck, achieving the dream seemed nearly impossible. However, Skeesuck's lifelong best friend, Patrick Gray, simply didn't accept that idea. He said, "We've done everything together so far. Why don't we have one more adventure?"

That's exactly what he did — pushing Skeesuck across northern Spain's Camino de Santiago. Though Skeesuck has a muscle disease similar to ALS (肌萎缩侧索硬化) and high blood pressure, he first got the idea to go on the journey after he watched a travel show about the trail. He said, "I knew immediately since my heart was just telling me, 'You need to do this. '"

With Gray on board and the blessings of their family, the two best friends from Idaho set off to make Skeesuck's dream of going for the journey a reality. However, neither Gray nor Skeesuck realized how physically and emotionally arduous the trip would be. Not only did they have a strict time limit — about six weeks to get from start to finish, but they also faced extremely difficult obstacles (障碍). With Gray pushing Skeesuck in a three-wheel wheelchair, the pair crossed mountains, rivers and a desert. "I've never been that physically exhausted in my entire life," Gray said. The pair came across countless kind people during their trip who were eager to help them finish their journey, but they refused their help with gentle words. 34 days later, the two best friends finished their journey, realizing a dream that helped them learn about themselves and others. "The adventure has taught me for sure that when you do something with faith, and never give up, amazing things can really happen," Skeesuck said.

Gray recorded their incredible trip in a book — "I'll Push You: A Journey of 500 Miles, Two Best Friends and One Wheelchair", which would be published soon. Skeesuck and Gray are also working on a children's book that will tell the story of their adventure. They hope that the book will give kids strength when they deal with difficulties.

Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every walking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:

Schedule yearly exams.

Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.

Protect against UV rays.

Long-term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses. Give your eyes a break.

Two-thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.

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As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.

Practice safe wear and care of contact lenses.

Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.

Otherwise: you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.

A. Eat your greens.

B. Eye care should begin early in life.

C. They can properly protect your eyes.

D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.

E. Parents usually don't care about their own eyesight.

F. Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear.

G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.

Are you a man or a mouse? When people ask this question, they want to know whether you think you are a 1 person or a coward (懦夫). But you will never really know the answer to this question 2 you are tested in real life. Some people think they are brave but when they come face to face with real 3, they act like cowards. Others think of themselves as cowards, but when they meet danger, they act like 4.

Lenny had always thought of himself as a 5 person. He got worried before examinations. He worried about his job and health. All he wanted in life was to be safe and healthy. Then, on January 15^th, 2002, a plane crashed into the Potomac River in Washington. Lenny went to the river to see what was happening. He saw a woman in the 6 water. Lenny did not feel afraid. He kept very 7 and did a very courageous thing. He jumped into the Potomac, 8 to the woman, and kept her head 9 the water. Seventy-eight people died that day. Thanks to Lenny, it was not 10.

When you are in a very 11 situation and feel afraid, the body automatically produces a chemical in the blood. The chemical is called adrenalin. With adrenalin in the blood system, you actually feel stronger and stronger and are 12 to fight or run away. However, when you are absolutely terrified, the body can produce too much adrenalin. When this 13, the muscles become very hard and you find you 14 move at all. You are then paralyzed (使无能为力) with fear. This is 15 when we are very frightened, we sometimes say we're "petrified". This word comes from the Greek word "petros", which means "stone". We are so frightened that we become stonelike.

I love living in the city because I can find opportunities for culture, (educate) and entertainment. I (live) in London ever since I was five years old. I can visit the museums, the zoo, cinema and community centers  my free time. I can also read good books in public libraries and bookshops. Besides, I can visit lovely and peaceful parks (relax) myself. However, the people  live in the country don't like to live in the city because they feel stressful, noisy and crowded.

I also like living in the country. I can feed cows, goats and chickens, and even learn to ride  horse. I can also go on nature walks, and explore forests, caves and (beach). However, some city people think country life is lonely because they think they are cut off from the outside world. They are also more likely to be lonely when (live) in a big city.

So it is hard to decide whether city life is better than country life or not. (actual), it's not where you live but how you live that decides (you) happy life.