社会现象类 知识点题库

    In Britain you may often hear "Drop in any time" or "Come to see me soon", but you can't really do that.  People just say those things to make you feel welcome.  It is better to telephone before visiting someone at home.  If you receive a written invitation to an event that says "RSVP", you should reply to let the person who sent the invitation know whether or not you plan to go.
    You should never accept an invitation unless you really plan to go.  You may refuse by saying "Thank you for inviting me, but I will not be able to come. " If, after accepting, you are unable to go, be sure to tell those who are expecting you as soon as possible that you will not be there.  Although it is not necessarily expected that you give a gift to your host, it is considered polite to do so, especially if you have been invited for a meal.  Flowers, chocolate, or a small gift are all appropriate.  A thank-you note or telephone call after the visit is also considered polite and is an appropriate way to express your appreciation for the invitation.

根据短文理解，选择正确答案。

Most of the flowers in nature are red, orange and yellow. If we have seen a black flower, it's chance in a million.

People have made a survey to colors of more than four thousand kinds of flowers and discovered that only eight of them are black.

As we know, sunlight is formed by seven different colored lights. The wavelength of each light is also different, so the quantity (量）of heat in each light is also different. Flowers, especially their petals (花瓣), are easy to be harmed by high temperature.

Black flowers can take in the light of all the wavelengths that make them dry up because of high temperature, so black flowers can hardly resist (抵抗）sunlight. But red, orange and yellow flowers can protect themselves from sunlight by reflecting (反射) the red light, orange light and yellow light, each of which has a large quantity of heat.

阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选一个最佳选项

    On December 1, 1955, Rose Parks   1   work in Alabama, in America by bus as usual. She chose a seat by the window and sat down. Then more people   2   the bus and soon it was full. One man didn't have a    3   . The bus driver looked at Rosa and shouted at her: "Stand up! Give this man   4   seat!"

    Rosa was tired after a long day at work. So, she   5   said:" No." This started something that changed the United States forever.     6  Rosa Parks was a   7    black woman and the man on the bus was white.

    When Rosa was a young girl, she walked to school, but the white children took a bus. Rosa   8    their bus every day when it went by. "In those days," she said, "There was a white world and black world. I lived in the black world." She went to a black school and studied with black children.

    When Rosa said "No", she    9   the law. The law said a black person had to  10  his or her seat to a white person.  11   came and took her to prison. Many black people in Alabama were very angry, and they   12  using the buses for a year. Then the law changed, and   13   , things started to change all over the     14  .

    For the rest of her life, Rose worked to help black people in America. She died in October, 2005,    15   the age of 92. 

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。

    In many English homes people eat four meals a day: breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner. People have breakfast at any time from seven to nine in the morning. They eat porridge，eggs or bread. English people drink tea or coffee at breakfast. Lunch comes at one o'clock. Afternoon tea is from four to five in the afternoon and dinner is about half past seven. First they have soups, and then they have meat or fish with vegetables. After that they eat some other things, like bananas，apples or oranges. But not all English people eat like that. Some of them have their dinner in the middle of the day. Their meals are breakfast, dinner, tea and supper and all these meals are very necessary.

阅读理解

    Perhaps you've seen the English letters “WC” in your city. They show public toilets. But do you know it is far from elegant (优雅的) English? In fact, foreigners from English-speaking countries rarely use the letters.

    Workers in our city are changing “WC” signs all over the city. The government is spending much money changing all the bad English on signs and restaurant menus. Many other places in China are following our steps.

    “WC, or water closet, is old-fashioned English. It sounds dirty to me,” says Charlie Shifflet, a young man from the US. The old sign will become “Gents/Men” and “Ladies/Women”.

    “I see lots of poor English in everyday life, and not only on signs,” he says. “I know what they mean. But they are Chinglish, not real English. For example, when someone says to me 'My hometown is Henan Province', I know he should say: 'My hometown is in Henan Province'. 'Hometown' is a smaller place in a province.” The common mistakes he picked up include “Not Entry”, which should be “No Entry”, “Direction of Airport” should be changed to “To the Airport”. And it is “room rate”, not “room price”. And remember to “Keep off the grass”, rather than “Care of the green”.

阅读理解

    Say you're sitting around with some friends playing video games and someone mentions a game that happens to be one of your favorites. "Oh, that game's easy. So not worth the time," one of your friends says. The others agree. Although you enjoy the game quite a lot, not wanting to argue with them, you go along　with the crowd.

    You have just experienced what is commonly referred to as peer pressure（同伴压力）, also called peer influence. You will adopt a certain type of behavior, dress, or attitude in order to be accepted as part of a group of your "peers". As a teen, you are likely to have experienced the effect of peer pressure in a number of different areas.

    We are all influenced by our peers at any age. For teens, as school and other activities take you away from home, you may spend more time with your friends than with your family. As you become more independent, your peers naturally play a greater role in your life.

    According to Dr. Casey from Cornell University, teens are very quick and accurate in making decisions on their own and in situations where they have time to think. However, when they make decisions in the heat of the moment or in social situations, their decisions are often influenced by factors like peers. In a recent study, teen volunteers played a video driving game, either alone or with friends watching. The researchers discovered that the number of risks teens took more than doubled when their friends were watching, compared with when they played alone. This shows that teens may find it more difficult to control　risky behavior when their friends are around, or in situations where they are extremely angry.

    Just as people can influence us to make unwise choices, they can also influence us to make good ones. A teen might join in a volunteer project because his or her friends are doing it, or get good grades because his or her friends think getting good grades is important. In fact, friends often encourage each other to study, or try out for sports.

    While we are always influenced by those around us, the decision to act or not is up to us. So when it comes to decision making, the choice is up to you.

完形填空

    Television has come to every family. It means1family has a TV set. It has become a very important part in our2. School children in the US watch TV about 24 hours a day.

    Some parents think television is3. for their children because it helps them learn about their country and the world. With the help of some programmes of education (教育), children can learn a lot.

    4, some parents don't let their children watch TV too5They say TV programmes are not good and children learn bad things from them.

阅读理解

    Was it probable that Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai and Western hero King Arthur meet and fight against each other? Yes. In a game called King of Glory(王者荣耀). Created by Chinese company Tencent, King of Glory was one of the most popular MOBA games in China in 2017.

    About one in every seven Chinese people plays the game, and 55 million of them play it every day. The game is easy for beginners. Social media like QQ and WeChat have also helped the game's community grow. New players can be invited to play the game by their WeChat contacts(联系人), with some seeing it as a good way to keep in touch with old friends and make new ones.

    The game has more than 60 characters to unlock and play as you progress, each with their own special style and abilities.' The characters cover different times and countries. Some are real historical characters, like Li Bai. Some are not. Players, use them to fight against each other or team up to fight. The winners can reach higher ranks(排名).

    However, some people think King of Glory gives the students incorrect information about events and people in history. For example, the poet Li Bai is described as a killer; Jing Ke, the man who tried to kill the first emperor of China, is a girl in the game. But more people worry about children playing the game too much and spending too much money on it. Most of the players are below the age of 19. It's reported that a 17-year-old boy had a stroke (中风) after playing the game for 40 hours.

    To change the situation, Tencent added a time limit feature to the game to prevent kids from playing too much. From July 4, 2017, children under 12 years old can play the game for only one hour a day, while users between 12 and 18 get two hours. Those who try to play beyond the time limit will be locked out of the game.

阅读理解

    You've probably heard of marketing, but have you ever heard of cause marketing? It usually refers to a partnership between a business and a charity. Instead of simply trying to sell more products and make more money, cause marketing also aims to do some good. Here are examples of some recent cause marketing campaigns(活动).

    Eatiply     Eatiply is a "hunger project" with a simple concept: If you eat a meal, a needy person will eat for free. Restaurants that are part of the Eatiply project have certain dishes or special meals they want to promote. If you order one of these dishes, the restaurant will donate a meal to someone in need. Often, this person might be homeless probably living in the same city. This means that the customer doesn't really need to do anything special or pay any more money. Just by ordering a certain dish, you can help out someone in need.

    Don't Buy This     How often have you heard a company tell you not to buy its products? Yet that's exactly what a U.S. company did. Patagonia-a maker of outdoor clothing-started an advertising campaign telling people not to buy their products. Instead, the company promised certain things: If you bring your torn or worn-out clothing to them, they'll repair it. If you give them your old clothes, they'll find a way to pass them on to other people, or to recycle them. The message is simple-we are all consuming too much, and need to find ways to reduce, reuse, and recycle.

    Pay It Forward     The phrase "pay it forward" refers to the act of repaying a good deed to a new person. Many companies have picked up on this idea and started "pay it forward" campaigns. For example, if you go to buy a coffee, you might choose to pay for two coffees. If a needy person then comes into the coffee shop, they'll get a free coffee. The people who buy the first coffee usually never meet those who are helped, but still feel they've done a good deed.

    Many companies believe that customers respond better to cause marketing campaigns. It gives people the chance to do some good while shopping or eating.

根据短文内容及首字母提示填写单词,使短文完整、通顺

    Usually schools and teachers set standards for students. But a school in Wuhan has hada new try recently. This year, the rules of Class 12, Senior 1 in Wuhan No. 6 High School have been made by the students t At the beginning of this school year, the teacher let his students m their own rules. Each student was asked to post a list of rules. Then they were shared and d by the whole class. The rule 一 making activity l about a month. Finally, the class had 30 rules.

    Most of the rules are about how students s behave. Students are to blame (应负责任) for b the rules. For example, if someone is l for class above a certain number of times, he or she will lose the c to be an honour student (优等生). If a student is caught using a cellphone during the class, the phone will be kept by the teacher u the student graduates.

    The students say the rules work well in the classroom. "We are the o who made the rules, so we have to follow them," said one of them.

阅读理解

    Last year, I had a chance to visit Zhengzhou and experienced one shared bike for the first time.

    When I was downloading the Mobike's app, a man rode one past me. I admired him so much. After downloading it, I began to look for a Mobike on my way to the hotel.

    To my disappointment, the only Mobike in the busy street was broken. Suddenly, one near the bank caught my attention. I ran to it immediately, but was again disappointed to find that its QR code (二维码) was broken. But everything comes to those who wait Finally, I found my Mobike in a narrow street.

    "Grack!" The bike unlocked, and I began to enjoy my riding. I could feel the air passing me on both sides. Although it was fall, the wind was warm and gentle.

    But at the same time, I saw so many shared bikes were broken. Some lost their seats, and others had broken locks. Shared bikes provide a lot of convenience, so it's important for us to take good care of them and keep them in good condition. I hope everyone can work together to create a civilized (文明的) and harmonious (和谐的) society.

阅读理解

    A survey has found more teens are smoking in Beijing. A lot of primary and middle school

students are picking up the habit of smoking. The number is more than twice than a few years ago.

    The survey showed about 17 percent of students at the primary and middle school picked up cigarettes last year, however it was only 7 percent in 2005. Among the students, 23 percent of boys and 11 percent of girls tried smoking in 2008, compared with 11percent of boys and 3 percent of girls in 2005. The survey also found 51 percent of vocational high school students tried to smoke last year. The number is 11percent higher than in 2005.

    "Influenced by television, magazine and other public media, and environmental factors, more and more teenagers are picking up cigarettes, "an official said.

    The survey found that：83 percent learned about smoking and health information from television. 70 percent from teachers. 65 percent from parents. 56 percent from newspapers.

    Wang Guan, a school health official of Beijing CDC（疾控中心）, told China Daily that most teenage smokers are light smokers, with 77 percent smoking fewer than five cigarettes a day. But the age when teenagers smoke their first cigarette is getting younger, she said. Some parents seem not to be worried about their children's bad habits.

    This year, Beijing will organize several health education activities on tobacco control, involving a tobacco control poster competition, community﹣level communication and the launch of a website promoting a smoke. free atmosphere.

    In May 2008, the capital banned smoking in public places, including restaurants, hotels, offices, hospitals and schools, to meet China's pledge of a smoke-flee Olympics.

阅读理解

Many people might think that if they had more money, then they would be happier in life. For example, people might look at what others have, like expensive clothes or nice cars, and wish they could have the same. But the things that money can buy can not bring happiness to a person for long.

① But is that really true? Studies have found that money can, in fact, make people happier. ②Instead, it's giving money to others that makes people happy. ③It could be buying a present for a friend or a family member. ④It could be buying a homeless person food to eat. It could be giving money to a person in need. Just think about the last time you used your own money to do something for someone else. How did you feel? Whether it is a small or large amount of money. People feel happier when they give. This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too.

This idea of joining your happiness to the happiness of others is described as a ubuntu in an African language. There is even a story about a man visiting Africa who asked some kids to race to a nearby tree. The first child to touch the tree would get a sweet treat. Surprising, all the children held hands and ran together. They all touched the tree at the same time. The man asked why they had done this. The children just said they could only enjoy eating the treat if everyone had one.

阅读短文A, 从各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。

Vicky Zhao is from the mainland working in Hong Kong. For her, one thing she can't stand is people standing on the wrong side of the escalator(自动扶梯) in subway stations.

"Escalators help us move faster and save time. It isn't a place to rest," the 24-year-old says, "I often see tourists blocking(挡住) the way with their heavy suitcases or chatting on the escalators during rush hour. It makes me very angry."

Agreeing that she is not the patient type, Zhao says things are much better in Hong Kong than in cities on the mainland where people often pay no attention to "stand right, walk left" signs.

The reason behind the rule "stand right, walk left" seems clear. Even though you may want to have a rest and just wait while you're transported up or down, you should still consider others and leave enough space for people in a hurry, so that they can run and take the train.

But the people who stand on escalators will tell the walkers not to be so impatient. In a recent story about the escalator rule, one stander says, "If the person is in such a rush, why not just take the stairs?"

Many cities' escalators, including London's and Beijing's, use the "stand right, walk left" rule to speed up the movement of people. In Australian cities like Sydney you should stand on the left side instead. But some cities discourage people from moving on escalators out of safety reasons. In Hong Kong's subway stations people are asked to "stand still" on escalators. Even so, most people keep the "stand right, walk left" rule.

Whatever the escalator rule is in the place you live in or visit, do what most people are doing and always be mindful of others: leave enough space between each other, don't stay at the end of the escalator, and if someone is blocking your way, a simple "excuse me" is enough.

根据短文内容在空格处填入一个适当的词，或根据首字母提示及括号中的词语的正确形式填空。

Tv plays an important role in our daily life. TV is one of (important) things of the day. Many people like to watch TV. brings the outside world closer to people's homes. Some people say the world is smaller before because of TV.

What's going on in other (country)? How do people live in places far away? (be) there a good sports game somewhere? What's living in the deepest part of the sea?

If you want to answer these and other kinds of questions, just  (turn) on the TV. You can see a lot and learn a lot. Of course, reading and listening to radio are also good ways. But with TV they can learn better and  (easy).Why? Because people can listen and watch at the same time.

TV helps to open our eyes. TV also helps to open (we) mind. TV often gives us new ideas. We can learn newer and better ways of doing something TV.

阅读理解

DIY which means Do It Yourself, is quite popular in UK. Lots of stores and supermarkets sell DIY things. TV programs show people how to DIY.

English people like DIY. There is a saying in UK—"An Englishman's home is his castle". Huge numbers of people spend their holidays making their homes beautiful "castles". If there is anything that needs fixing around their homes, such as painting the walls or putting in a new shower, they will do the jobs themselves. They share DIY experience with their friends. More and more people have discovered the joy of DIY. Sometimes people also DIY for saving money. With the economy becoming worse at present, many people cannot afford a big house. They are looking at how they can make their house better with less money. It is not surprising that DIY is so popular.

DIY can be difficult. There is a huge market for DIY furniture. People need to get together pieces of furniture with a few basic tools. However, people often find it not easy to build a piece of furniture because they can't understand the instructions. Sometimes the instructions are very simple but the furniture itself is difficult to build. One thing is for sure, though most DIY projects are started with the best ideas, many of them may not get finished. DIY can also be dangerous. For example, anything electrical should be done by a professional worker. Unluckily, many people don't care about this warming and put themselves in danger. It is reported that in just one year over 230,000 people were hurt while doing DIY in UK, including 41,000 who fell off ladders.

Therefore, DIY can bring us fun and help us save money, but it is not always as easy as it is thought to be if we bite off more than we can chew. Maybe factories should make products that are easier and safer for us to DIY. All in all, it is a very good and suitable thing for many people.

任务型阅读

请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Like most children growing up in the countryside, Mike loved being outdoors and traveled around every inch of the area.

With a deep love of the land, he had a strong wish to 1 it. When Mike saw rubbish floating in the rivers, he got 2 . He knew he had to do something. While only in third grade, Mike started a group. Its purpose was to 3 the countryside and teach other young people about pollution and its dangers.

But Mike faced a challenge. As he was 4 , he found it hard to speak out in public. However, with his mom's help, Mike 5 dealt with his fear. He said. "I took responsibility（责任）and did what needed to be done. When your heart is into it, 6 will stop you."

Mike worked hard to 7 his idea to the public. He handed out leaflets and even appeared on radio and TV. His efforts paid off. He won 8 from several thousand people. And his group collected and recycled more than 22,000 pounds of rubbish.

Now as a college student, Mike's 9 remains the same. He often says, "I want to create a 10 life for my kids and grandkids. It's beautiful countryside, where I'm from, and I want my kids to see it like I see it."

阅读理解

Chinese is mainly divided into 13 dialects (方言) and these dialects can be further divided into many kinds of local dialects. Putonghua (or Mandarin) the predominant dialect, is spoken by over 70% of the population and is one of the 6 official languages of the United Nations. Within these large dialect groups, there are small groups, many of which are difficult to understand. In Fujian, for example, people living 10 kilometres away from one another can be speaking different Min dialects.

Putonghua. It is the mother dialect of Chinese living in northern China and Sichuan Province. It is called Guoyu in some parts of China, like Hong Kong, Macao (澳门) and Taiwan. It is known in English as Mandarin Chinese, or Standard Chinese.

Wu. Spoken in Shanghai, most of Zhejiang and the southern parts of Jiangsu and Anhui. Wu is made up of hundreds of different of spoken forms.

Hakka/Kejia. Hakka is widely spoken in Fujian, Taiwan, and some countries in Southeast Asia.

Min. It is spoken in Fujian, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia. Min group is the most diverse (多样的), with many different spoken forms used in neighbouring countries.

Yue. It is spoken in Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, all over Southeast Asia and by many Chinese living abroad.

22、请阅读下面关于"阳光体育工程"的短文，根据所提供的信息，用完整的句子回答后面的问题。

Do you like sports? If your answer is yes, sometimes you will find it very difficult to have enough time to do it, even on weekends. However, you don't have to worry about it because of "Sunshine Sports Program". It was launched(启动) by the Ministry of Education(教育部)

It suggests that students around the country should have an hour of sports every day.

Students will be able to do any sport they like. The program is to make students happy and keep them healthy.

Han Jiawen, from Shanghai Yangsi Middle School, likes the idea. Han and her classmates skip ropes together." We have a good time," said Han." Playing is better than having classes"

Wang Lichao welcomes the idea, too. "Its good to be able to breathe some freh air instead of sitting in the classroom. But the 14-year-old student from Tianjin wonders whether there will be enough space for everyone. With so many students outside, "he said, I'm afraid there won't be enough standing room on the playground

Wu Jiatong's school is in Liaoning. Her favorite sport is running. Wu and other students like running for 40 minutes every morning. "Its tiring." said Wu. But we do feel healthier. We hope we can do what we want.

What about your school? There must be more sports that interest you and your classmates