指示代词 知识点
一、指示代词的定义：指示代词是表示指示概念的代词，即用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样，都具有指定的含义，用来起指示作用，或用来代替前面已提到过的名词。
二、指示代词的分类和作用：指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式，既可作限定词又可作代词。指示代词在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。
三、指示代词的用法：
1.this和these指在时间或空间上较近的人或者事物，that和those指在时间或空间上较远的人或者事物。例如: ① This is a pen and that's an eraser. 这是一支笔，那是块橡皮擦。②This is a boy and those are girls. 这是个男孩，那些是女孩。
2.指示代词所指的对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语境。如:I liked this movie today better than that concert last night.我喜欢今天的这个电影，胜过昨晚的那个音乐会。
3.指示代词具有名词和形容词性质，既可指人也可指物。但是在相当于名词时一般指物多于指人。如: I found this wallet. I found this.我找到了这只皮夹子。我找到了这个。(this 等于 this wallet)Is she going to marry that man?她打算跟那人结婚吗？(that man不得用that代替，否则有轻蔑之意)
4.相当于名词的指示代词在句中作主语时，则指物指人均可。如:①What are these? 这些是什么?(指物)②This is Bill. Is that George? 我是比尔。你是乔治吗?(电话用语)(指人)
5.打电话过程中，介绍自己时通常用this指代"我"，不用代词 I；询问对方时用that指代"你"，不用代词you。例如：—Hello. This is Mary. Who's that? 喂，我是玛丽。你是谁？—This is Tom. 我是汤姆。
6.当指示代词所指的事物已确定时，后面的指示代词则用it或they代替。如:①This (suit) is expensive, isn't it? 这套衣服昂贵，不是吗?①"Are those yours?" "Yes, they are." "那些是你的吗?""是的，它们是我的。"
注意：1、指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人。
2、That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人。
3、在回答指示代词作主语的特殊问句时，如果指示代词指人，其回答中的主语仍可以用相应的指示代词，也可以用it或者they;但指事物时，只能用it或者they。
4.在回答指示代词作主语的一般疑问句时，不管指示代词指人还是指物，答语中都用it或they。
5、为避免重复，有时可用 that 或 those 来代替前面已提到过的人或事物；用 this 或 these 来代替下文中将要提过的人或事物
6、向别人介绍某个人时，要说" This is …."，而不说" That is …."，也不能说" He is …."或" She is …."。介绍两个人时，先用" This is …."介绍一个人，然后用" That is …."介绍另一个人。
7、one，that 和it的区别：
one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。例如：①I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。②The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。③I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it. ( 同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。
二、指示代词的分类和作用：指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式，既可作限定词又可作代词。指示代词在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。
三、指示代词的用法：
1.this和these指在时间或空间上较近的人或者事物，that和those指在时间或空间上较远的人或者事物。例如: ① This is a pen and that's an eraser. 这是一支笔，那是块橡皮擦。②This is a boy and those are girls. 这是个男孩，那些是女孩。
2.指示代词所指的对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语境。如:I liked this movie today better than that concert last night.我喜欢今天的这个电影，胜过昨晚的那个音乐会。
3.指示代词具有名词和形容词性质，既可指人也可指物。但是在相当于名词时一般指物多于指人。如: I found this wallet. I found this.我找到了这只皮夹子。我找到了这个。(this 等于 this wallet)Is she going to marry that man?她打算跟那人结婚吗？(that man不得用that代替，否则有轻蔑之意)
4.相当于名词的指示代词在句中作主语时，则指物指人均可。如:①What are these? 这些是什么?(指物)②This is Bill. Is that George? 我是比尔。你是乔治吗?(电话用语)(指人)
5.打电话过程中，介绍自己时通常用this指代"我"，不用代词 I；询问对方时用that指代"你"，不用代词you。例如：—Hello. This is Mary. Who's that? 喂，我是玛丽。你是谁？—This is Tom. 我是汤姆。
6.当指示代词所指的事物已确定时，后面的指示代词则用it或they代替。如:①This (suit) is expensive, isn't it? 这套衣服昂贵，不是吗?①"Are those yours?" "Yes, they are." "那些是你的吗?""是的，它们是我的。"
注意：1、指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人。
2、That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人。
3、在回答指示代词作主语的特殊问句时，如果指示代词指人，其回答中的主语仍可以用相应的指示代词，也可以用it或者they;但指事物时，只能用it或者they。
4.在回答指示代词作主语的一般疑问句时，不管指示代词指人还是指物，答语中都用it或they。
5、为避免重复，有时可用 that 或 those 来代替前面已提到过的人或事物；用 this 或 these 来代替下文中将要提过的人或事物
6、向别人介绍某个人时，要说" This is …."，而不说" That is …."，也不能说" He is …."或" She is …."。介绍两个人时，先用" This is …."介绍一个人，然后用" That is …."介绍另一个人。
7、one，that 和it的区别：
one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。例如：①I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。②The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。③I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it. ( 同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。
指示代词 知识点题库
The price system is a complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as of a great number of services.
A . the one
B . that
C . one
D . those
At our factory there are a few machines similar to ________ described in this magazine.
A . them
B . these
C . those
D . ones
Mr. Zhang gave all textbooks to all the pupils, except ____________ who had already taken them.
A . these
B . ones
C . those
D . the others
The education system in China is very different from ________ in the USA.
A . one
B . it
C . those
D . that
If the product is significantly different from ________ described in the ad, you have every right to complain to the local authority.
A . one
B . ones
C . that
D . those
—Silly me! I forgot what my bag looks like.
—What do you think of over there?
While e-book sales this year have declined, it is still important for us to remember that the figures are still higher than ______ five years ago.
A . one
B . that
C . those
D . they
The price of a car is much higher than of a bike.
The population of China is larger than of Japan.
A . these
B . that
C . this
D . those
The books here are not so well written as ___ on the shelf.
A . that
B . those
C . ones
D . them
Generally speaking, the information on the Internet is faster than ______ in newspapers.
A . that
B . this
C . it
D . one
Not everybody agrees to the plan. Some support it, while I am one of opposed to it.
A . who
B . those who
C . which
D . those
— I hear you're going to the city.
— Yes. Anyway, life in the city is quite different from ______ in the country.
A . one
B . those
C . that
D . what
The goods _______ from the Internet are cheaper than _______ we buy in shops.
A . be bought; that
B . bought; those
C . were bought; the ones
D . bought; that
Look at the price of that bike! It is practically the same as ______of a new motorcycle.
A . one
B . that
C . it
D . this
The classes in the UK are different
from (that) in China.
The quality of education in this local school is better than _______ in some larger school in the city.
A . it
B . this
C . that
D . one
Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it.
A . neither of them
B . both of them
C . none of whom
D . neither of whom
I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher
than in the city.
A . ones
B . one
C . that
D . those
At one point, the host asked people in the audience if Nicholas Winton had saved their lives. _______ shocked Winton watched as _______majority of people rose to their feet and, after ________, everyone standing up bowed low to Winton.
A . The, a, that
B . The, a, which
C . A, the, that
D . A, the, which
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