阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
If you've ever been to a foreign country，you will know that fitting in isn't easy. Chances are they will have a 1language and way of life. Here's how to get a basic understanding on things2going to a different country.
3 about the country. Get a base of knowledge. Where is the country located？What are their 4foods？If you know someone who has been to the country，5 them to tell you a bit about the country.
Try basic phrases. If you do not know how to6their language，it will be hard to master the 7 language in a short time. Remember you will not have time to learn the whole language，so8things like：asking for directions and ordering in restaurants. Learn these 9 along with the basic please，thank you，hello，and goodbye.
Try to meet someone who knows about or has been to the country. 10 it is a less known country，you may be out of 11 .In this case，search the Internet and the library.
Have a basic understanding of customs（习俗）.If you do end up in a trouble 12 your lack of customs，calmly explain you are 13 .Basic English customs are not the same around the world，14 as you get into Asia and Africa，but will 15 a base for most European countries.
Handle your money well. Money can be 16 ， but cover all your bases. Understand the name of the monetary(货币的) 17(i.e.dollars) and know the names of the coins or bills18the unit. Do this in your own country before 19.Exchange your bills a couple of weeks before you go and practice 20them. Know the basic conversion(兑换)(i.e.one pound is about two dollars)．Recognize fair prices and know how to make basic money transactions(交易)．
If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 1, you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people's earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.
In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 2 in people's lives. The 3 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.
Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 4. They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 5 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.
First Impression
To help determine the 6 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other's individuality. Then students were asked to 7 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.
As it turned out, their 8 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 9 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.
The 10 Knows
Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 11 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 12 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.
Face Value
Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 13. The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 14 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.
When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 15 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.
Which comes first, happiness or money? Are richer people1? And 2how do people get richer? A recent study could tell you the answer.
The study3thousands of teenagers and found that those who felt better about4as young adults 5 to have higher incomes by the time they 629. Those who were happiest earned an average of $8,000 more than those who were the most7.
The researchers, from University College London and the University of Warwick, say that very gloomy（沮丧的）teens, no matter how tall or smart they were, earned 10% less than their peers8the happier ones earned 930% more.
Happier teenagers have an easier time 10school, college and the job 11,12 because they always feel better about life. It may13 be true that happier people find it easier to make friends, who are often the key to homework help or networking.
A report in June suggested that professional respect was more important than14in terms of workplace happiness. In August scientists announced that they had found the 15for happiness in women. Alas! The same gene doesn't appear to have16effect on men. And in October researchers in the UK and in the US announced that people who eat seven portions of fruit and vegetables a day report being the happiest.
If it is really true that happier kids17being wealthier kids, is it necessary for parents to get their kids to do the homework? The fact is that 18 homework will make kids happy but surely hurt their grades. Studies do show19 that more education20better-paid jobs, which may give us a deep thought.
The following is a beautiful speech by Sundar Pichai, a senior executive at a big IT company. At a 1 a cockroach (蟑螂) suddenly flew from somewhere and sat on a lady. She started2 out of fear. With a panic-stricken face and trembling voice, she started jumping, with both her hands 3 trying to get rid of the cockroach. Her 4was contagious (传染的), as everyone in her group also got5.The lady finally managed to push the cockroach away but it6on another lady in the group.
Now, it was the7of the other lady in the group to 8 the drama. The waiter rushed forward to their9.In the relay of throwing, the cockroach next fell upon the waiter. The waiter stood10calmed himself and observed the behavior of the cockroach on his shirt. When he was11 enough, he grabbed it with his fingers and 12 it out of the restaurant.
Sipping my coffee and watching the amusement, I picked up a few thoughts and started wondering13 the cockroach was responsible for their behavior. If so, then why was the waiter not 14.He handled it near to perfection, without any15It was not the cockroach, but the 16of the ladies to handle the disturbances caused by the cockroach that disturb the ladies. I17that, it is not the shouting of my father or my boss or my wife that disturbs me, but my inability to handle the disturbances 18by their shouting that disturbs me. It's not the traffic jam on the road that disturbs me19 my inability to handle the disturbances caused by the traffic jam that disturbs me20 than the problem, it's my reaction to the problem that creates chaos in my life.
I am an Australian teacher at a high school in Sydney. A few years ago, I went to Japan to teach 1 for one year. I quickly 2 that schools in the two countries are different.
In my first class, I put the students in 3 , and asked them to 4 the question: Who has more advantages in society: men or women? In my class in Australia, this 5 would get everyone talking. For me, this6 a successful lesson——everyone was speaking in English. So, when I 7 the same lesson with my Japanese students, I was 8 that the same things would 9 .
Instead of a 10 debate(辩论) with different opinions, there was almost silence. The students spoke briefly and 11within their groups. Then a spokesperson gave one answer 12the group.
I was13 at that time, but I now realize that the students were acting as a team. In my year in Japan, I came to 14 what being team player means. A team player thinks of others before he thinks of himself. A good team player puts himself last, and puts his 15 first.
In a Japanese class, children are often 16 into groups and taught how to study or play together. This emphasis(重点) on being a good team player 17in the work place and in all aspects(方面) of society. In Australia, it is the 18 who is important, not the group. At first, I felt that Australian culture was better, 19after a year in Japan, I learned that cultures are 20 , and that it is not a question of which one is better.
Dad was not only my best friend, but also my compass (指南针). While he was alive, he1me with his actions and advice. He taught me one important 2: “Believe in yourself.”
If there was one phrase my dad 3 liked to hear, it was “I can't.” He never got to finish high school and 4 two jobs to support his large family, 5 he never complained. Through education and years of hard work, my dad became an excellent journalist（记者）.
When I was in high school, I had a 6 time with math. My math teacher tried to help me, but I was 7 poor in math. So my math teacher suggested I meet with him at 7:00 each morning before school for 8 help.
I told Dad, “That's 9 ! I'm tired! I can't do that!” He replied, “You're doing it. I'll send you to school.”
Every morning at 6:45, we'd leave the 10. Although working 12 hours every day, Dad never once 11 driving me to school.
After months of 12, I was facing the final exam. I was so 13. On the day of the final, my dad hugged me and said, “Luke, 14 yourself. You can do it.” His words made me realize I needed to trust in my 15 and in the hours of work I'd 16. When I got my 17 proudly（骄傲地）, the first person I called was my father. He cried, “Yes! You deserved it!”
Even now, whenever I 18that a task is too much for me, I think back to that exam. No matter how 19 something is, if you're willing to work, you can succeed. I'm forever 20to Dad for that lesson.
To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor: you must be able to 1the attention and interest of your students, you must be a 2 speaker, with a good, strong pleasing voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to3what you are teaching, in order to make its meaning clear.
Watch a good teacher, and you will see that he does not sit still 4 his class: he stands the whole time he is teaching; he walks about, using his 5 , hands and fingers to help him in his explanation, and his face to express
Feelings. Listen to him, and you will 6the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always 7 according to what he is8 about. The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn't 9that he will indeed be able to act 10on the stage, for there are very important 11 between the teacher's work and the actors. The 12has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the13words each time he plays a certain part, 14 his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually 15beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage.
A good teacher 16 in quite a different way. His students take an active part in his17: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don't18 something, they say so. The teacher therefore has to suit his act to the needs of his students, which is in his class. He can't learn his part by heart, but must 19 it as he goes along. I have known many teachers who were fine 20 in class but unable to take part in a stage-play because their brains wouldn't keep discipline: they could not keep strictly to what another had written.
It is natural that young people are not often comfortable when they are with their parents. They say that their 1 don't understand them. They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are too strict 2 their children; and that they 3 give their children a free hand. It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children's 4 and they tend to forget how they themselves 5 when young. For example, young people like to act at once without much 6. It is one of their ways to show that they have 7up and they can face any difficult situation. Instead, 8 people worry more easily. Most of them 9 things ahead, at least in their minds, and do not like their plans to be upset by something 10.
When you want your parents to let you do 11, you will have better success if you ask 12 you really start doing it.
Young people often make their parents angry with their choices in clothes, in 13 and in music. But they do not mean to cause any trouble; it is just that they feel 14 from the older people's world, into which they have not yet been accepted. That's why young people want to make a new culture of their 15. And if their parents do not like their music or entertainments or clothes or their ways of speech, this will make the young extremely 16.
Sometimes you are so proud of yourself that you do not want your parents to 17 “yes” to what you do. All you want is to be 18 and do what you like. It is natural enough, after being a child for so many years, that you were completely under your parents control.
If you plan to control your life, you'd better persuade your parents and try to get them to 19 you. If your parents see that you have a high sense of responsibility, they will certainly give you the 20 to do what you want to do.
Do you know how many languages there are in the world? There are about 1500, but many of them are not considered very 1. English is considered one of most important languages because many people 2 it, not only in England and America, 3 in other countries of the world. About 200 000 000 speak it 4 their own language, and another 230 000 000 use it as 5 language. It is 6 to say how many people are learning it. 7 boys and girls in schools are trying to do so.
Many 8 children study French. French is also a very important language. 9 children study German, Russian, Japanese and Chinese.
Which is the best 10 to learn a language? We know that we all learnt 11 language well when we were 12. If we learn a second language in the 13 way, it may not seem so difficult. What does a small child do? It 14 what people say, and it tries to guess what it hears. When it wants something, it has to 15 it. It is using the language, 16 and talking in it all of the time. If people use a second language 17, they will learn it 18.
In school, you learn to read, to write, to hear and to 19. It is best to learn all new words through the 20. You can read them, spell them and speak them later.
In a small open courtyard, outside a school building, there were flowers here and there. In the sunshine, a 1 was lying on the grass, reading a book with 2 attention. Near her, another child was carefully watering the flowers, while a third was 3 with his back against a tree and had a 4 on his knees. He appeared to be drawing or writing something on it. He was 5 in his task, like the first child.
6 the building, there were pleasant carpeted areas. Many children were busy with their tasks in a variety of ways,7 teachers wandered among them, talking to them,8 them, and encouraging their efforts.
9 I watched this scene on a morning in May years ago, it 10 me that a visitor here 11 never have thought he had entered a formal school. He would have been even more 12 if he had been told that the children he was 13 came from different kinds of academic（学业） levels.
That 14 has been staying with me ever since. I have been 15 about some problems. Why in many schools are our children often asked to learn skills in a way 16 from a real-life context（情境）? Why does a lively school child so 17 become a defeated school failure?
Developmental psychologist（心理学家）Margaret Donald once said, “Much of the intellectual framework (知识框架) on which we 18 our teaching is misleading.” In my opinion, a child learns everything in human 19. And if every child could learn in the same way as the children in the school 20 I visited years ago, they would develop better.
The job of raising children is a tough one. Children don't come with an instruction manual(说明书).And each child is1.So parents sometimes pull their hair out in frustration, not2 what to do. But in raising children, what we do is 3by our culture. Naturally then, American parents teach their children basic American 4.
To Americans, the goal of parents is to help children5 on their own feet. From 6, each child may get his or her own room. As children grow, they get more 7 to make their own choices.8choose their own forms of entertainment, as well as the friends to 9 them with. When they 10young adulthood, they choose their own jobs and marriage 11.Of course, many young adults still 12their parents' advice and approval for the choices they make. But once they “leave the 13” at around 18 to 21 years old, they want to be on their own, not14 to their mothers' apron strings(围裙带).
The relationship between parents and children in America is very informal. American parents 15their children as individuals—not as extensions of themselves. They16them to achieve their own dreams. Americans praise, encourage and give their children the 17 to succeed. When children become adults, their parents becomes more like 18.But 19 to popular belief, most adult Americans don't make their parents pay for room and board when their parents come to 20them. Even as adults, they respect and honor their parents.
Are you going to school for something your parents pushed on you? Are you doing things just because others expect you to? I found many 1in my Life Coaching lessons. The biggest one some students are having is that they are living a life someone else has 2for them.
Why on earth would someone live a life that someone else wants for him? Usually, the main 3is his parents. When we're growing up we must do what our parents want us to do. We really don't have our own 4. The problem is that most parents are overly 5that they know what's best for their children. Many parents 6their children to make certain educational 7. Some parents won't 8their children's college, unless the children learn 9what the parents decide.
Parents aren't the only ones 10their ideas on my students. I have some students who are doing jobs they really 11, but their friends or relatives would not support them if they apply for a 12 job they'd like better.
Are you allowing others to decide what life you are living now? If so, it is a 13.
Even if you are about to 14for college and you find that the only way your parents will pay school fees for you is that you choose Business, but you want to 15Art… And at this moment I don't 16that you choose the major you have no 17. Follow your heart.
Remember, 18choose your major or job that you don't like just because of others' ideas. If you choose what you like, you will be a(n) 19 person and will positively influence others. Live the life you want from now on20you will get happiness.
On the morning that I planned to handcuff (给……戴上手铐) my wrist to the White House fence along with other environmental leaders, I woke up, heart racing. I 1 the time in the dark. It was 3 a.m., and I was alone in a friend's guest room just outside Washington, D.C. I turned on the small bedside 2 and reached for the card my husband and two children had picked out for the 3, with a photo of a polar bear leaping from one floating ice to the next. The bear's front paws stretched out 4 in midair——no longer on solid ground, but not quite landed on the next ice yet——fitting for my first act of 5 disobedience(不服从), which was motivated by a desire to slow global warming, not only for the polar bears, but also for my own children.
I opened the 6 and reread my 16-year-old daughter's note in the 7 light: "I'm happy you care this much about something that will affect the future of us all," she wrote. "Good luck!" I 8imagining her brown eyes and flaming red hair and turned off the light again.
For me, a fierce desire to protect the world my children will inherit(继承) is part of being a mother. Along with the sleepless nights I spent rocking my babies when they had a fever, I now 9 the two times I've gone to prison as part of the sacrifice I 10 make.
11 methods for fossil fuels which can cause cancer and other health problem sare profitable and strongly 12 by oil or gas companies. Only when ordinary citizens demand they make protecting our children their first 13 are politicians more likely to say no to those methods. That's 14 I handcuffed my wrist to the White House fence to 15 the Keystone XL Pipeline Project, along with many other parents, which I believe is closer to the real 16 of Mother's Day. Originally, the day was founded for mothers to teach each other how to protect their children.
We might not really know the effect of our 17 for a few decades, though there are moments 18 that our sacrifices are not in vain. The encouraging note from my daughter the night before my first 19 was one of those moments. It made me want to 20 like that polar bear——and like the early leaders of Mother's Day——and take a leap.
Electronic games are often seen as a distraction from schoolwork, but now, there's a school course to study them- since this semester, Peking University has 1 an optional course called General Theory of Electronic Games, which has gained 2among students. It was 3 designed to accept 120 students, but around 200 attended the first two lessons.
However, the new course has caused a heated public debate. Some people think that as the celebrated Peking University has opened a course on electronic games, students may believe it's 4 to play games rather than 5 the research.
In response to these 6, the course teacher explained that the course isn't designed to 7 conventional view. "I like playing games, but fully 8of the problems that the games have brought about," he said. "I have a sense of 9. I want more students to know what electronic games are —their benefits and harms."
Instead of teaching students how to play electronic games, the course will 10 issues related to electronic games, such as research and development, technology and 11psychology.
This new course at Peking University arrives at a time when China's game industry is 12. China's video game market is the world's largest and is expected to continue to 13.
And the flourishing industry has 14 influenced many Chinese people, especially the young. More than 38 percent of Chinese people younger than 26 said their ideal job would be to work as a(n) 15 electronic gamer.
Despite this, a professor from Shenzhen University said it is 16 for universities and individuals to keep a 17 head in face of the market. "I hope the public can view electronic games as 18 activity and leave enough room for 19 development," he said. "Parents and teachers should also help students choose majors that can give full play to their 20.
It's sad to know that each year many teenagers experience the death of someone they love. This is likely to have an 1 on their life. Although bereavement(丧失) is a difficult and 2 topic, I'm going to talk about some of the things that 3 helped me to cope better after losing my dad in 2012.
The most important 4 is not to "bottle things up". At first, I didn't tell anyone how I really felt when I should have spoken about it. No one should be 5 to feel upset after losing someone they love, as it's an 6 time. It is important to talk about how you feel to people you 7 so they can support you. I 'opened up' to few people, but it was nice to know that I had people there who I could 8 if I had a (n) 9 day. I spoke to my friends and my teachers, who would offer 10.
Another thing that I found to be 11 after losing my dad was to make a 12 box. This is a box where I put stuff that reminded me of my dad, and the memories I 13 with him. I still have the14now, and it makes me 15.
Finally, it's important to take time to grieve(悲痛) properly. I decided to focus on my studies and the things I 16 doing. I get 17 from time to time but I've learned that it's okay to 18.
Everyone will have their own ways of 19 after losing someone they love. This outlines what I personally found helpful. Everyone should remember that they are not 20.
Have you ever thought what you eat every day can tell people about your home town? Have you ever 1why people from different parts of the world eat 2 kinds of food? Have you ever asked yourself 3certain food plays such an important part in your culture? There is 4of a connection between food and culture than you may think.
On a personal level, it is the food of our 5which we eat while growing up that 6us as who we are. Many of us associate food from our 7with warm feelings and sweet memories. 8a special yet personal value, it relates us to our families.
After we grow up, the food from our families often 9us in times of frustration and stress. During my childhood, I couldn't eat rice when I was sick, because I was too 10. My mother would then bring her homemade soup to my bed. The smell and taste of that soup left a deep impression on me. Now, 11I'm tired or stressed, I think of my mother's 12and 13for it.
In the 14sense, food is a significant component of culture. 15cuisine is passed down from one generation to another. Moreover, it serves as a reflection of 16_identity.
Immigrants bring the food of their countries with them wherever they go. To them, 17_traditional food is a way of preserving their cultures when they move to new places. Continuing to make food from their cultures for family meals is a 18of pride for their ethnicity and a means 19cope with homesickness. Besides, many open their own restaurants and 20 traditional dishes in places far away from their home town.
The summer holiday is over, and finally it's time to start thinking about going back to school. For some, it's a very exciting time. For others, however, they can feel very stressful. There are lots of things to do if you want to have a great first day at school.
Stay busy throughout the summer holiday. Usually those who struggle (挣扎) on their first days are people who spend too much of their summer holiday indoors and relaxing. So you should try to stay active and busy over the course of the holiday. There are lots of things you can do, such as getting a summer job or taking up a sport.
Continue learning over the summer holiday. People who struggle the most at first are those who aren't learning over the holiday. Learning itself doesn't have to be boring! You can learn about anything you want. Simply keeping your brain in the habit of learning will give you an extra advantage when it's time to go back to school.
Spend time with friends that will attend the same school. If you have any friends living in the same neighborhood，there are chances that you will go to the same school! Make a point of creating stronger bonds (关系) with those friends. Spend part of your summer holiday with them, and grow closer. While there's always some worry about going into the first day of school, having friends around that care about you makes it much easier.
Buy your school supplies. The most important thing you can do in preparation for your first day is make sure you have all of the equipment you need. Though the types of materials you'll need differ from class to class, certain things, like pens and paper, will be used for all classes.
However objective we believe ourselves to be, most of us do not judge a product only on the basis of its advantages; we don't only 1 its quality, value or style before making a decision. 2 ， we are easily influenced by the people around us.
There is nothing 3 with this. It is probably a smarter way to make decisions than relying on only our own 4. But it does make life hard for companies. They have long understood that groups of friends and relatives 5 to buy the same products, but understanding the 6 has been tricky. Is it because they are so similar with regard to how much money they 7 and what television ads they watch that they independently arrive at the same decision? Or do they 8 one another, perhaps out of envy or perhaps because they have 9 information about the products?
Research in Finland recently found good 10 that neighbours have a big influence on buying 11. When one of a person's ten nearest neighbours bought a car, the chances that that person would buy a car of the 12 brand during the next week and a half rose by 86 percent. The researchers argued that it was not just a matter of envy. 13 cars seemed to attract neighbours even more. This suggested that people were not trying to keep up with their neighbours, they were eager to 14 them. Since secondhand cars are less reliable, people are more likely to consider others' 15 before buying.
If failure is like a day without the sunshine, I'll still smile at it, as clouds may be dancing in the sky. Success does not 1 every person, just like the sun doesn't shine every day.
Do you give up your plan to go hiking just because the weather isn't as good as you had hoped? No, of course not. I would rather go on trying no matter what I 2 and enjoy on the way to my destination. Actually, failure is like a naughty boy who plays with us on the way to our goals. Not only does he want to 3 us, but he wants to help us become braver. The more we 4, the braver we'll be.
If failure is the 5 without the moon, I'll still smile at it, as stars may twinkle on us still. Of course, we all like the moon, but should we ignore the stars? There is always something more important than 6. In other words, we shouldn't only focus on whether we succeed or fail. In fact, we learn a lot from failure. It is really helpful. The more we learn from failure, the 7 we'll be.
If failure is a bird without 8, I'll still smile at it. Flying isn't the only thing a bird can do. If we can't be 9 by the wide blue sky, why don't we 10 adapting ourselves to the forest through our beautiful singing? Failure 11 us that we should believe in ourselves. We may fail in one area, but we may 12 in another. Maybe we'll find that we have a talent for something we never knew about before. Who knows?
Life is like a box of chocolates, and you 13 know what you're going to get. Just keep on trying. The process of trying is much more valuable than the 14.
Smile at 15 and smile at life.
American culture is unique because it is formed and developed under certain conditions. The major factors1to the forming of American culture are the hard environment, ethnic diversity and plural religion, which is quite different from other countries in the world.2, these elements are 3influencing American culture.
The early immigrants who were English Puritans4 in northeast part of America. From 1607 to 1892, frontiers were pushed further west. The frontiersmen 5for a land of rich resources and a land of promise, 6and freedom. 7they looked for a better life. So individualism, self-reliance, and equality of opportunity have been perhaps the values most closely8with the frontier heritage of America.
In history, people from different9in the world rushed to America three times. They brought their own culture to America and 10, different cultures were 11together. Thus the 12American culture is formed. The fundamental American belief 13individual freedom and the right of individuals to practice their own religion are at the center of religious experience in the United States. The great 14of ethnic backgrounds has produced religious pluralism, and almost 15of the religions of the world are now practiced in the United States.
Nowadays, we can see the continual 16of these elements on the current American society. American family is typically parents and their17children. Middle-aged and elderly people 18do not live with their married children. The people in America have a very strong desire to start a new life in a 19place. A number of people change residence every year. An American moves fourteen times in his lifetime20.
