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Dear Dad,
I am very excited to tell you that I have passed the entrance examination and been admitted into Peking University. ……
With best wishes,
Li Hua
A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world's people may not have enough water by the year 2025.
A private American organization called Population Action International(PAI) did the new study. It says more than 335 million people lack enough water now. The people live in 28 countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East.
PAI researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about 3, 000 million people may lack water. At least 18 more countries are expected to have severe water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on Earth stays the same.
Mr. Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase.
The report says lack of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking waters is not safe. Mr. Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases, such as cholera which are carried in water.
Lack of water may also result in more international conflict. Countries may have to compete for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need large amounts of water when they are beginning.
The Population Action International study gives several solutions to the water problem. One way, it says, is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose. Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste water. A third way is to use less water for agriculture.
The report also says long--term solutions to the water problem must include controls on population growth.
When a consumer finds that something he or she bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to what the producer says for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保单),or any other records that might help, at the store of buying. In most cases, this action will produce results.
However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction. A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the “higher up” the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favour, taking it as true that he or she has a just right.
Consumers should complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of buying, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.
Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can show clearly what is wrong with what was bought in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, “The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear” is better than “This stereo(立体音响) does not work.”
The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the producer, if so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the expected result, the consumer can go a step further. He or she can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a public organization responsible for protecting consumers' rights.
If you take a look at the best-selling books in the UK these days, it is almost certain that there will be a lot of autobiographies (自传) in that list. Bill Clinton, Nelson Mandela and actor Michael J Fox have all written them. An autobiography is the story of a person's life, written by that person. It is usually a very famous person who might tell us all about their childhood, how they became famous and any other interesting things that have happened in their lives.
Traditionally, someone would write an autobiography when they were older because they had had a long, successful life. However, these days there are many magazines with stories and photos of the stars which sell very well. Reality TV shows are extremely popular and lots of people become famous very easily just from being on the TV rather than being able to sing or act well. As a result, people become famous very quickly and as soon as they are famous, a lot of money can be made from writing an autobiography, even if they are very young.
So now you can find an autobiography from almost everyone who is in the public eye. Even though we can follow the lives of the stars very closely on TV or in magazines nowadays, we maybe don't know how they live their lives from day to day. Autobiographies often give the information we never knew about the stars. The British public are very curious to find out more so they are very eager to read autobiographies.
Not every star wants to write though. Sometimes stars employ writers to write their life stories for them. The writer will interview the stars, listen to everything they want to say, record interviews and then write books based on their words. David Beckham did this with his book My Side.
Not everyone likes to read books regularly but they might like to read about the lives of stars. Autobiographies are helping to get more British people reading books. About 100 million autobiographies are sold in Britain every year. More stars depend on them for extra income and as more of these books appear in the shops, more people are sure to keep buying them.
Kate is a victim of cyberbully. It's so bad that she doesn't want to leave the house. Someone from school has put message on social media saying she's ugly and she should die. It's terrible.
【写作内容】
1）用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2）用约120个单词写作以下相关内容:
⑴网络暴力的原因和影响；
⑵从社会规范和个人行为谈谈如何应对网络暴力。
【写作要求】
1）发表观点时必须提供理由或论据
2）阐述观点、提供论据或叙述经历时，不能直接引用原文语句
3）作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称
【评分标准】
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
To Friend or Unfriend
Social networking makes it very easy to have friends – lots and lots friends. Hundreds or millions of people have joined QQ, Wechat, and other sites so that they can communicate with friends online. However, the meaning of the word “friend” seems changed. In the past, a friend was someone you had a close personal relationship with. Now, anyone in the world can be your friend online! Some people have thousands of cyber friends, but what do you do if you don't want to have so many friends?
Easy! You can dump an unwanted friend with just one click of your mouse. in recent years, it has become so common to get rid of friends in this way that there is a new word to describe it – to “unfriend”. The new Oxford American Dictionary named it word of the Year in 2009 and defined it like this: “to remove someone as a 'friend' from social networking site”. But why would you want to do such a thing as unfriending someone?
The most common reason for unfriending someone is to eliminate annoying people from your social life. For example, some friends post messages much too frequently, especially those messages found to be extremely boring. They endlessly post status updates which say something like “I'm cooking dinner” or “I'm doing homework”. Another reason for unfriending someone is disagreement about world issues. A third reason is to get rid of people who write dirty things on social websites.
Although dumping friends is not just an Internet phenomenon, far more online friendships end suddenly than off-line ones. Even in this computer age, it remains true that many people prefer spending time together face-to face. After all, that's what friends are for!
Sales Strategies
How can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective selling is for a company to first decide on its “sales strategy”. In other words, what is the role of the salesperson? Is the salesperson's job narrative, suggestive, or consultive?
The “narrative” sales strategy depends on the salesperson moving quickly into a standard sales presentation. His or her pitch highlights the benefit for the customer of a particular product or service. This approach is most effective for customers whose buying motives are basically the same and is also well suited to companies who have a large number of prospects on which to call.
The “suggestive” approach is tailored more for the individual customer. The salesperson must be in a position to offer alternative recommendations that meet a particular customer's needs. One key aspect of the suggestive approach is the need for the salesperson to engage the buyer in some sort of discussion. The salesperson can then use the information from the customer to suggest an appropriate product or service.
The final strategy demands that a company's sales staff act as “consultants” for the buyer. In this role, the salesperson must acquire a great deal of information about the customer. They do this through market research, surveys, and face-to-face discussions. Using this information, the salesperson makes a detailed presentation tailored specifically to a consumer's needs.
More and more sales teams are switching from a narrative or a suggestive approach to a more consultative strategy. As a result, corporations are looking more at intangibles (无形资产) such as creativity and analytical skills and less at educational background and technical skills.
There was a boss who made a contract with his workers: he will pay their salary each week, but not in cash. Instead, the workers would choose some goods in a shop, which equal the value of their salary. Then he will pay the cash to the owner of the shop.
But one day, one of the workers complained to his boss, “The shop owner said 'no cash, no goods'. And he requested us to pay in cash.” For that reason, the worker asked the boss to pay him in cash, too. The boss agreed. After a while, the shop owner came to the boss, asking him to pay for his workers.
The boss was confused and looked into the issue, and finally found out that the worker told a lie. However, he paid the shop owner as usual, because he must keep his promise, even he was cheated and had to pay more money.
Good merchants won't scrap(废除)their contracts. They won't sign contracts easily and usually chaffer(论价)for their benefits if they have to sign them. But after that, they will definitely follow them whatever the price.
【写作内容】
用约30词概述上文内容；
结合高中生活，简要分析你对契约精神的理解(不少于两点)；
你的启示和打算(不少于两点)。
【写作要求】
可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
【评分标准】
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, "We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict." By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them.
Still, don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging gas giving too much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward." We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal, "says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters." One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters."
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
Scientists in London say they have found the best diet for both humans and the planet. If the world followed the so-called "planetary health" diet, the scientists told Reuters that each year more than 11 million early deaths could be prevented. Scientists say that the way we produce and eat food is very bad for the planet. For the health of the planet, they claim the same diet would reduce greenhouse gases and save more land, water and animals.
Tim Lang, a professor at Britain's University of London, co-led the research. He told Reuters, "The food we eat and how we produce it determines the health of people and the planet, and we are currently getting this seriously wrong." Lang added that the world's population is expected to grow to 10 billion people by 2050. If we want to feed everyone, he explained, we all need to change what we eat and the way we eat by "improving food production and reducing food waste."
Well, what do you eat on the planetary health diet? The scientists who created this diet say it is largely plant-based but still has small amounts of dairy, fish and meat. The diet calls for cutting red meat and sugar by 50 percent and doubling the amount of nuts, fruits, vegetables and legumes.
Food situations around the world are not equal. In certain areas, this would mean great changes. People in North America, for example, eat 6.5 times the recommended amount of red meat. On the other hand, people in South Asia eat only half the amount suggested by the new planetary health diet. Meeting the targets for vegetables would need big changes in other areas. In sub-Saharan Africa, people on average eat 7.5 times the suggested amount of vegetables like potatoes and cassava.
The scientists admit their goal will be difficult to achieve. But for them doing nothing is also not an option. Willet said, "If we can't quite make it, it's better to try and get as close as we can."
Growing up on a small farm, I lived a life that I took for granted. My father worked in the city as a plumber (水暖工). He was not highly educated, but he was smart, looking at problems in an engineer's way. He was a man made of leather, brass and chewing tobacco who tried to teach my brother and me useful things, including respect. He also had a temper and was strict with us for he would scold us when we made some careless mistakes. Sometimes, my father seemed like a distant enemy to me and I didn't like him very much.
One day I came home from primary school and his car was already there. Once inside, I was told by my mother that he didn't feel well. His back hurt. My father never missed work; in fact, when he came home, he went to the barn to work even more. I remember looking at him secretly around the corner as he lay on his bed in the middle of the day.
Later, my mother told me he got multiple myeloma (多发性骨髓瘤), a type of blood cancer. As the cancer grows, the person will shrink because the disease destroys the body's energy and the abnormal antibodies cause problems for other cells and tissue. Bones eventually look like Swiss cheese, and when they break, they may never heal. But I didn't realize that my father's time was rather limited and just treated him the same way I used to.
For the last year of my father's life, his entire day consisted of rising from his hospital bed in the living room and walking to his chair to sit and think. He was predictably in that chair when I came home one day during the ninth grade. I do not remember where my mother and brother were, but the two of us were alone.
注意：①所续写短文的词数应为150左右；②至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；③续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；④续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
He asked me to sit down and what he told me still moves me these decades later.
Paragraph 2:
At that moment, I realized that he was doing more than telling.
Sadness and depression?
Sadness is normal human emotion that everyone experiences at some time. A number of events can leave people feeling sad or unhappy, such as the loss or absence of a loved one, divorce, loss of job or income, financial trouble, issues at home, or social anxiety.
Failing an exam, not getting a job, or other disappointing events can also trigger sadness.
However, a person who is sad can usually find some relief from crying, venting, or talking out frustrations. This is because sadness is more likely to be linked to a specific trigger.
Sadness usually passes with time. If it does not pass, or if the person become unable to function normally, this could be a sign of depression. If symptoms worsen or last longer than 2 weeks, the person should talk to their doctor.
Depression is a mental disorder that affects every part of a person's feelings and perception. It affects behaviors and attitudes and can affect people of any gender or age.
In 2015 around 16.1 million people aged 18 years or above in the U. S. had experienced at least one major depressive episode in the last year. This represented 6.7 percent of all American adults. Symptoms include feelings of discouragement, sadness, hopelessness, a lack of motivation, and a loss of interest in activities that are normally enjoyable. In severe cases, the person may think about or attempt suicide.
The person may no longer feel like spending time with family or friends. They may stop pursuing their hobbies and feel unable to go to work or school.
Daily habits may change unexpectedly and without reason. A person with depression may find it difficult to continue doing the things they normally enjoy.
If these feelings of doubt last more than 2 weeks, a health-care professional may diagnose the person with major depressive disorder (MDD).
Unlike sadness, depression can leave a person struggling to express their feelings. If the person tries to release the stress, the overpowering feelings and negative thoughts can prevent them from building themselves up again.
Did you go somewhere for your Spring Festival holiday? Did you get lost in the crowds and become one of hundreds or thousands of people crammed together in front of a building, a landscape, a bridge or even a painting? This is what we call "overtourism"—the phenomenon of a popular destination or sight becoming overrun with tourists in an unsustainable way.
Overtourism occurs when there are too many visitors to a particular destination. "Too many" is a subjective term, of course, but it is defined in each destination by local residents, hosts, business owners and tourists. When rent prices push out local tenants to make way for holiday rentals, that is overtourism. When narrow roads become jammed with tourist vehicles, that is overtourism. When wildlife is scared away, when tourists cannot view landmarks because of the crowds, when fragile environments become degraded—these are all signs of overtourism.
These years, the travel industry focuses almost exclusively on growth, with little or no concern for the impacts. In many destinations, tourism now demonstrably creates more problems than benefits. This can take many forms; perhaps a million additional tourists are arriving in a capital city, or 20 additional tourists in a small, rural community.
And whenever you travel, try and ensure as much of your cash stays as local as possible. Pay national park entrance fees to ensure your visit supports conservation; stay in locally owned guesthouses; eat at local restaurants and take tours with local guides. Tourism can still be very much a force for good, and ensuring that local residents, habitats and wildlife benefit from your presence is an important part of that.
【写作内容】
⒈以约30个词概括文章大意；
⒉以约120个词就"过度旅游"这个主题发表你的看法，内容要包括如下要点：
⑴你觉得"过度旅游"现象出现的原因是什么？
⑵你觉得要釆取哪些措施来缓解"过度旅游"这个问题？
【写作要求】
⒈写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
⒉作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
⒊不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整、语言规范、语篇连贯、词数适当。
I woke up earlier than my brother as every other day of the week. I jumped out of the bed, got dressed, brushed my teeth, and had breakfast. Saying good bye to my mother, I got in the car no later than 7:05. I got to school on time, even though my brother came out of the house late as he used to.
It was a Thursday. I was walking to the chemistry rooms when my phone in my left pocket vibrated(震动). I took it out and looked at the shiny screen. As soon as I saw my father's name on that screen I realized something was not right.
He would not call me in the middle of a school day just to talk. He would want me to focus in school and do well. I answered the phone, and my father sounded worried. He told me to find my brother as soon as possible, walk with him to the school picking-up zone and get in the car with my brother. Our driver would take us back home where my father was.
When I was in the car with my brother my dad called the driver and told him to take us to the hospital. We were going to meet him and my mum there. As soon as my brother and I found about the change in plans, we looked at each other in the eyes. I immediately noticed the fear in my brother's eyes.
To be honest, I was really scared too, probably more than he was. But I did not say anything. We arrived at the hospital. I saw my dad on the phone waiting for us at the entrance. He was smoking. Seeing my dad smoking made me more worried. I had never seen him smoke before. He hated it. As soon as he recognized the white car, he threw the cigarette away. I looked at my brother; he was looking out of the other window. I did not tell him what I just saw. I did not want him to worry.
注意:
1）所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2）至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4）续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
The car stopped right in front of my dad.
Paragraph 2:
We walked down the hall with our eyes closed.
Many years ago my grandfather had a small farm and chickens. One morning he sent me out to collect fresh eggs. He became concerned when I didn't return after a short time. When he came looking for me I jumped with joy, but he saw tears in my eyes and noticed that I was in an empty chicken house.
Noticing I was not in a good mood, he asked, "What was wrong?" I told him tearfully, "That dirty rooster, who is now gentle, in your presence, came pecking(啄食) after me and all the hens started cackling(咯咯叫),which scared me, and I ran into the next hen house for safety." He took me by the hand and we walked right by the now quiet dirty rooster and comfortable hens. We sat under the apple tree, and he related the following story. "Did you notice how that rooster and hens behaved when I came in? Totally different than when you first came in." I shouted, "The rooster and hens seemed to come at me."
My grandfather then said, "That's a new rooster the neighbour gave me. All your life you are going to come across people who will act like that rooster and hens. Only in different ways! It's natural for that rooster to protect this house and his hens. The rooster is the leader and the hens are followers. The same with people! It doesn't matter whether they are men or women. There will always be people who will try to lead your life and if you let them, you will become like the hens."
"But to be the leader, you have to first be able to lead your own life and be the rooster of your actions. You can be like the rooster leading the hens. Most of us in life are followers, like the hens and some stay hidden in their own chicken house, like you did."
注意：
1）所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2）至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4）续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
That doesn't mean that the rooster in us is bad or dirty, like the one you just experienced.
Paragraph 2:
Then he did the smartest move.
Dianna Nyad had an Olympic dream when she was in high school because back then she was very interested in swimming and she was the champion of various games. However, she could not realise her Olympic dream when she was diagnosed with a serious illness. Instead of losing herself in disappointment and desperation, she took up marathon swimming as a new career. As a long-distance swimmer, she would compete against herself and the obstacles brought by distance, danger, cold and exhaustion.
After ten years' devotion, she came to the top and became one of the worlds best long-distance swimmers. In 1970, she swam a ten-mile marathon in Lake Ontario, setting the women's record for the course. In 1975 she became world famous for swimming around Manhattan Island. A few years later, she set another record by swimming 102. 5 miles from an island in the Bahamas to the coast of Florida, USA.
In 1978, Nyad made an attempt to swim from Cuba to Florida. The journey was full of unknown dangers. She was confronted with all kinds of obstacles for about two days in the water, and then she had to give up halfway for the sake of her own safety. No one looked down on her. Instead, the world was impressed by her bravery and strong desire to succeed. For Nyad her strength of purpose was just as important as reaching Florida. That was how she defined success. It did not matter that her swim turned to be short: she believed she had touched the other shore.
After retirement, Nyad did not stop challenging herself and trying new things. She started to travel the world as a reporter, publishing books and making public speeches to inspire more people, which seems to be her duty right from the beginning when she swam the waters of the world.
On Sunday, the second day of Spring Festival, a man was killed after he fell into the tiger enclosure while trying to get into the zoo in Ningbo, East China's Zhejiang province, without paying for a ticket.
The tragedy cost two lives, as the tiger was shot dead when zoo employees tried to rescue the man.
As news of the incident spread, the majority of voices online blamed the dead man for the animal's death. Some said this was a sign that people are becoming more coldhearted. But they are wrong. People have been displaying increasingly more enthusiasm for helping those in need and participating in charity work. In 2016, the China Charity Federation received donations of 18. 8 billion yuan ($2. 7 billion)in total, 46 percent more than the donations received in 2015, and they sent helping hands to one tragedy after another.
People are just tired of forgiving those in the wrong. While sympathy is right, it has been abused too much. When somebody commits a crime, no matter how cruel the crime is, media outlets explain the criminal's miserable childhood and there are calls for forgiveness. When someone smokes in public, there are always people calling for tolerance.
People are fed up and angry with lawbreakers escaping their due punishments in the name of forgiveness and tolerance.
But going back to the tragedy at the wildlife park in Ningbo, the tiger's death shows the park was not well prepared for such emergencies. They did not have any tranquilizer guns that could sedate the tiger immediately and save the lives of both the man and the endangered animal.
In the meantime, it is necessary to raise people's awareness that the animals in zoos and wildlife parks are not domesticated pets, and of the need for visitors to observe rules for their own safety.
The man in the Ningbo incident paid for his fault with his life, but the tiger was killed for his fault, too. We sincerely hope no more tigers or humans will pay for such fault.
Judging Unwisely
Not many years ago a man rented a store upon a street appropriately named Market Street. While very busy getting barrels, boxes and other things inside, he happened to see a boy of eleven years standing by, and called to him, "See here, boy, if you help me today，I'll pay you well." The boy looked at him but made no answer. "Don't you want to work？" The boy made some sort of gesture, but remained silent. "Oh! You're some lazy, I guess. Well, if you don't work or even speak，just go away." He thought the boy's lazy attitude and continued silence meant disrespect and defiance (蔑视), and soon began to feel angry over it. "Some young thief, I guess, watching his chance to steal something and run，" thought he. Soon he advanced toward the boy with threatening look, when, to his amazement, the boy performed some strange gesture, and strange play of features, as he moved backward.
"I'll teach you how to make faces and mock(嘲笑)me; you've acted the behaviour long enough." And without further delay he raised his hand, when the boy，instead of running off, started, and fell in a heap (蜷缩)upon the sidewalk. Several persons went to the spot quickly and asked what was the matter. "Why! That lazy fellow refused to work when I offered him pay and hung around even when I ordered him off, and finally made faces and disrespectful gestures at me; so I was going to slap (掴耳光)him and he dropped like that. He is not hurt enough to even cry about it." "Sir, that is poor Danny, a deaf mute and cripple (跛子), perfectly harmless when you know him. We all humor him and let him stay around as long as he pleases, for his eyes are the chief blessings he possesses, and they can't injure anything." When they lifted Danny, they found a bruise (擦伤)upon his forehead, and tears were slowly creeping down his cheeks.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
The boy was carried into a store, and one of his friends who understood how to communicate with him，explained the merchant's mistake.
……
The patient mother was very grateful to the new friend—the merchant.
