大庆实验中学高三英语开学考试（2019年上半期）试卷带答案和解析

1. 阅读理解

详细信息

Ecobee3 Smarter WiFi Thermostat Smart thermostats have become the face of smart home technology for most, but depending on what your home is like, it’s possible to say the ecobee3 is superior. Most of the smart thermostats carry the same benefits, including the ecobee3. They can learn your preferences and schedules, and then adjust the temperature accordingly. They’re better-looking and more enjoyable to use than the basic pieces of plastic that occupy most households. Their very presence will probably make you more conscious about saving energy. And once you’re able to heat up or cool down your house from your phone, without having to get out of bed, you won’t want to go back. If you live in a larger household, the ecobee3 can be much more convenient—provided you pick up a couple more remote sensors. Yes, it gets pretty expensive at that point, but having those gives you effective control over the temperature in different rooms around your house. In comparison, other thermostats’ measurements are largely limited to the area in which they’ re installed (安装). If you live in a smaller place, that’s no big deal; the ecobee3 still has distinct advantages. It is touch-enabled and more spacious, making it less annoying when you want to enter a WiFi password, see weather information, and so on. Still, all the smart thermostats are pretty great. Which one is best just depends on whether you need a whole-home solution or a more straightforward one. For now, if it’s the former, go with the ecobee3. Ecobee3 Smarter WiFi Thermostat with Remote Sensor, available at all shopping websites. 【1】What is the function of the ecobee3? A. Planning schedules. B. Making decoration. C. Adjusting temperatures. D. Storing information. 【2】According to the passage, one of the advantages of the ecobee3 is that ______. A. it can be operated easily by phone B. it has different sizes C. it is a product without using energy D. it follows the same pattern 【3】What makes the ecobee3 superior? A. It costs less than those similar products. B. It may work without access to WiFi networks. C. It is more effective with fewer remote sensors. D. It can control the temperature in a larger area.

2. 阅读理解

详细信息

Forty-three years ago, a man took a “small step” on the moon and brought mankind a “giant leap” forward. As the first person to walk on the moon, American astronaut Neil Armstrong is a man whose name will be remembered for generations to come. But being the first is never easy. With so many unknowns about space at that time, Armstrong himself was astonished that Apollo 11 actually worked. He thought he and his partners had merely a 50 percent chance of a successful landing back in 1969. It was tough indeed. When the module (登月舱) was approaching the moon’s surface, the computer wanted to rest them on a steep slope covered with rocks, but Armstrong realized it was an unsafe place to stop. As a last minute decision, he safely landed the module by himself. When they finally touched the ground, “there was something like 20 seconds of fuel left,” he said in an interview earlier this year. Unfortunately, some people doubted his visit to the moon, saying it was faked. But Armstrong responded with a chuckle (轻声笑), saying: “It was never a concern to me because I knew one day, somebody was going to go fly back up there and pick up that camera I left.” For all his global fame, Neil Armstrong is a remarkably modest man. He rarely gave interviews and didn’t like talking about his achievement. He stopped giving his signatures when he found that people sold them for thousands of dollars. “I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger (记账簿) of our daily work,” Armstrong said in a CBS interview in 2005. When asked how he felt knowing his footprints would be likely to stay on the moon’s surface for thousands of years, he said: “I kind of hope that somebody goes up there one of these days and cleans them up.” Armstrong passed away last month at the age of 82, but he will be memorized. “The next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of Neil Armstrong and give him a wink (眨眼示意),” his family said to Reuters. 【1】It can be inferred from the article that before his expedition to the moon, Armstrong _______. A. was certain that Apollo 11 would work well B. believed the module would land safely on the moon C. had prepared himself to face possible failure D. planned to land the module on the moon by himself 【2】How did Armstrong respond when people suspected that he had been to the moon? A. He was annoyed and upset. B. He was extremely happy about it. C. He tried to find evidence that they were wrong. D. He believed they would be proved wrong some day. 【3】By saying “I guess we all like to be recognized not for one piece of fireworks but for the ledger of our daily work”, Armstrong meant that __________. A. the more daily work you’ve done, the more easily you will be recognized B. things that look spectacular are not as useful as ordinary successes C. achieving greatness can make other successes feel less important D. everyday’s hard work is more appreciated than one successful moment 【4】Which of the following best describes Armstrong? A. He was ambitious. B. He tried to avoid the spotlight. C. He balanced his life and work well. D. He was talkative and loved telling jokes.

3. 阅读理解

详细信息

The largest genetic study of mosquitoes has found their ability to resist insecticides(杀虫剂) is evolving rapidly and spreading across Africa, putting millions of people at higher risk of contracting malaria（疟疾）. British scientists who led the work said mosquitoes’ growing resistance to control tools such as insecticide-treated bed nets and insecticide spraying, which have helped cut malaria cases since 2000, now threatens “to disturb malaria control” in Africa. “Our study highlights the severe challenges facing public efforts to control mosquitoes and tomanage and limit insecticide resistance,” said Martin Donnelly of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, who worked on the study with a team from Britain’s Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Latest World Health Organization (WHO) data show that 216 million people were infected last year with the malaria parasite（寄生虫）, which is transmitted by blood-sucking Anopheles mosquitoes. The disease killed 445,000 people in 2016, and the majority of them were children in sub-Saharan Africa. To understand how mosquitoes are evolving, the researchers sequenced the DNA of 765 wild Anopheles mosquitoes taken from 15 locations across eight African countries. Their work, published in the journal Nature on Wednesday, created the largest data resource on natural genetic variation for any species of insect. Analyzing the data, the scientists found that the Anopheles gamblae mosquitoes（冈比亚疟蚊）were extremely genetically diverse compared with most other animal species. This high genetic diversity enables rapid evolution, they said, and helps to explain how mosquitoes develop insecticide resistance so quickly. The data also showed the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance appeared to be due to many previously unknown genetic variants（变体）within certain genes. The scientists said these genetic variants for insecticide resistance were not only emerging independently in different parts of Africa, but were also being spread across the continent by mosquito migration. Michael Chew, an expert at Britain’s Wellcome Trust global health charity which helped fund the research, said the finds underlined the importance of pushing scientific research ahead to control malaria. Global efforts to control malaria through effective vaccine, insecticides and the best drug combinations require urgent, united action by scientists, drug companies, governments and the WHO. 【1】Which of the following is scientists’ headache? A. The number of mosquitoes in Africa is growing rapidly. B. Some genetic variants of mosquitoes are still unknown. C. The existing insecticides aren’t as effective as they used to be. D. Millions of African people have resistance to medicines for malaria. 【2】Malaria cases can be cut by ______. A. threatening drug companies B. spraying insecticides C. limiting blood donation D. transmitting data 【3】What CANNOT be concluded from the passage? A. Children are more likely to be bit by mosquitoes. B. Many previously unknown variants are found in the study. C. The mosquito migration contributes to the spread of variants. D. Anopheles mosquitoes have great genetic diversity. 【4】Which is FALSE about the genetic study of mosquitoes? A. It created the largest data on natural genetic variation for any insect species. B. It found the possible causes for the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance. C. It discovered where the genetic variants emerged and how they were spread. D. It highlighted the public efforts and appealed to limit the use of insecticides.

4. 阅读理解

详细信息

Some of the best research on daily experience is rooted in rates of positive and negative interactions, which has proved that being blindly positive or negative can cause others to be frustrated or annoyed or to simply tune out. Over the last two decades, scientists have made remarkable predictions simply by watching people interact with one another and then scoring the conversations based on the rate of positive and negative interactions. Researchers have used the findings to predict everything from the likelihood that a couple will divorce to the chances of a work team with high customer satisfaction and productivity levels. More recent research helps explain why these brief exchanges matter so much. When you experience negative emotions as a result of criticism or rejection, for example, your body produces higher levels of the stress hormone, which shuts down much of your thinking and activates (激活) conflict and defense mechanisms (机制). You assume that situations are worse than they actually are. When you experience a positive interaction, it activates a very different response. Positive exchanges increase your body’s production of oxytocin, a feel-good that increases your ability to communicate with, cooperate with and trust others. But the effects of a positive occurrence are less dramatic and lasting than they are for a negative one. We need at least three to five positive interactions to outweigh every one negative exchange. Bad moments simply outweigh good ones. Whether you’re having a conversation, keep this simple short cut in mind: At least 80 percent of your conversations should be focused on what’s going right. Workplaces, for example, often see this. During performance reviews, managers routinely spend 80 percent of their time on weaknesses and “areas for improvement”. They spend roughly 20 percent of the time on strengths and positive aspects. Any time you have discussions with a person or group, spend the vast majority of the time talking about what is working, and use the remaining time to address weaknesses. 【1】The underlined phrase “tune out” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________. A. stop listening B. change one’s mind C. sing aloud D. be crazy 【2】What will happen if you experience negative emotions? A. The situations are sure to become worse. B. Much of your thinking will be prevented. C. You will feel an urge to improve and become better. D. You’ll be motivated to resolve conflicts with people. 【3】From Paragraph 4, we can learn that ________. A. we need a positive feeling to beat one negative feeling B. positive interactions have greater effects than negative ones C. our conversation should center on what needs improvement D. the effect of negative feelings lasts longer than that of positive ones 【4】What is the best title for the passage? A. Harmful Negatives B. More Positive Interactions C. How to Be a Productive Manager D. Less Time on Strengths and Positive Aspects

5.

详细信息

Useful Memory Strategies Form associations between new and remembered information. 【1】, then you can increase the chance that new memories will be formed. Try coming up with a familiar picture, song, joke, or rhyme that you can associate with the new material. Form a picture in your mind that includes the new fact. 【2】 It may be boring, but simply repeating new information over and over in different ways will help it stick in your brain better, especially if you space out the repetition over time. For example, if you’re trying to remember the definition of a new word, read it several times to yourself. Then speak the definition out loud a couple times, and try writing it down once or twice. Teach someone else the information you’re trying to learn. Teaching others can help you remember and understand things better. Find a classmate or co-worker who needs to learn the same information, form a study group, and take turns teaching each other different concepts.【3】! Test yourself after learning something new.【4】 You have to actually practice finding the information from your memory in order to strengthen the connections within your brain. Be sure to immediately check your answers to make sure you’ve got them right. 【5】, you will be more likely to remember it incorrectly in the future as well, so instantly correct yourself and repeat the right answer a few more times. A.If you answer something wrong B. After the basic information is right C. Repeat new facts as soon as you come across them D. If you can link new ideas with previously established ones E. Simply re-reading the same information isn’t good enough F. Then keep trying effective methods and cooperation with others G. Alternately, ask your friends if they’re willing to learn something new from you

6. 完形填空

详细信息

Failing Successfully Two years ago I took part in a speech competition and delivered a memorized speech. It was a hard time for me when the judge ______ the winners. At last, the moment of truth came. I got the worst. After not being placed in the competition, I really wanted to ______ again. I realized that finding the right topic was the most important part of the whole ______. It needs to be motivational and inspirational to the ______. So I reworked my speech for the following year, ______ a different topic and spending many hours before the computer and in libraries doing research. Then I worked ______ the speech, line by line, word by word, making it ______ better. The next year I participated in the competition again. I gave my ______ in two parts, one was about my own experience and the other was about the feelings that people usually have when giving a speech—how ______ it is, standing on a stage all alone, with everyone sitting and watching them. My speech ______ down well and I was hoping to do that a little bit better. ______, my wish didn’t come true. The competition was so fierce and again I wasn’t ______. I was deeply disappointed, since I couldn’t accept the fact that I had ______ twice in something that I had worked so hard on. However, I knew that losing is ______ and part of life. One of the judges said to me that my speech was quite good, ______ it needed to be better if I wanted to go any further. He advised me to struggle to ______ something like some of the empty gestures. He said that I would surely succeed someday. While I didn’t earn ______ as a result of the competition, I did gain a new viewpoint. I discovered that I could fail successfully. I think I’ll ______ to work hard and enter the next competition. Now, whenever I’m faced with a defeat, I ______ myself of what a famous person said, “The path was worn and slippery. My foot slipped from under me, knocking the other out of the way, but I recovered and said to myself that it’s a slip and not a ______.” 【1】A. announced B. predicted C. observed D. interviewed 【2】A. suffer B. compete C. win D. check 【3】A. range B. condition C. system D. process 【4】A. audience B. companion C. director D. author 【5】A. reviewing B. supposing C. picking D. comparing 【6】A. during B. against C. behind D. through 【7】A. increase B. flow C. expose D. occur 【8】A. choice B. instruction C. reason D. speech 【9】A. annoying B. surprising C. frightening D. confusing 【10】A. went B. dropped C. slowed D. rolled 【11】A. Angrily B. Sadly C. Strangely D. Eagerly 【12】A. settled B. treated C. placed D. affected 【13】A. decreased B. escaped C. struggled D. failed 【14】A. flexible B. normal C. appropriate D. typical 【15】A. but B. so C. for D. or 【16】A. assume B. declare C. overcome D. acquire 【17】A. profits B. awards C. comments D. qualities 【18】A. continue B. agree C. regret D. apply 【19】A. allow B. inform C. accuse D. remind 【20】A. kick B. push C. fall D. walk

7. 语法填空

详细信息

阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 A lot of films have tried to describe our memories of family members who have passed away. But few have done as【1】(remark) as Coco, Disney-Pixar’s latest animation, 【2】 hit the big screen on Nov. 24 and won the Oscar in 2018. 【3】(inspire) by the Mexican holiday of Day of the Dead, the film’s production team created a young boy, Miguel, who wants his family to understand his love of music. An accident takes him to the Land of the Dead. While there, Miguel has【4】unforgettable and adventurous night. It’s in this magical world【5】Miguel gets to meet and discover the truth about his great-great-grandpa. To protect him from 【6】 (disappear), Miguel has to bring his photo back to the living world as soon as possible. While told with a wild imagination, the story 【7】(convey) a clear and warm message. “In an era when young people are so easily attracted by 【8】(celebrity), Coco reveals the emptiness of such adulation ( 谄媚), teaching kids 【9】(preserve) and respect the memory of their elders while reminding them that the source of true creativity is so often 【10】(person),” wrote reporter Peter Debruge on Variety.

8. 改错

详细信息

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 Union is strength. Whenever you’re faced with difficulties or in a dilemma, cooperation plays an important part in getting you out of trouble. There was a time when I was too proud that I overlooked my classmate, refusing to work together with them. Therefore, it was no doubt that I was left alone, suffering from loneliness and failure. Unfortunately a teacher impressed on me the value of cooperation. From then on, I learned to help others and turn to my friends for the help whenever I had difficulty finish a task on my own. Surely cooperation made a great difference. Now I am getting well with my friends. My experience teach me that only if we attach great importance with cooperation can we go beyond ourselves. As the saying go, “United we stand; divided we fall.”

9. 书面表达

详细信息

假定你是大庆实验中学高三学生会主席李华，实验中学被选定为大庆市垃圾分类试点单位，请你根据以下要点写一篇倡议书，倡议全体同学垃圾分类，内容包括： 1. 告知学校要进行垃圾分类。 2. 垃坂分类的重要意义; 3. 提出倡议。 要求：词数：100词左右； 参考词汇： 垃圾分类waste sorting/ rubbish classification 可回收的recyclable Dear fellow students, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! Yours, Li Hua