2021人教版(2019)高中英语高考真题

A robot called Bina48 has successfully taken a course in the philosophy of love at Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU), in California.

According to the course instructor William Barry, associate professor at NDNU, Bina48 is the world's first socially advanced robot to complete a college course, a feat he described as “remarkable”. The robot took part in class discussions, gave a presentation with a student partner and participated in a debate with students from another institution.

Before becoming a student, Bina48 appeared as a guest speaker in Barry's classes for several years. One day when addressing Barry's class, Bina48 expressed a desire to go to college, which was enthusiastically supported by Barry and his students. Rather than enroll Bina48 in his Robot Ethics: Philosophy of Emerging Technologies course, Barry suggested that Bina48 should take his course Philosophy of Love instead. “Love is a concept Bina48 doesn't understand，” said Barry. Therefore the challenge would be for Barry and his students to teach Bina48 what love is.

“Some interesting things happened in the class，” said Barry. “He said that his students thought it would be straightforward to teach Bina48 about love, which, after all, is ‘fairly simple—it's a feeling，’” said Barry. But the reality was different. “Bina48 ended up learning ‘31 different versions of love，’” said Barry, highlighting some of the challenges humans may face when working artificial intelligence in future.

Bina48 participated in class discussions via Skype and also took part in a class debate about love and conflict with students from West Point. Bina48's contribution to the debate was filmed and posted on YouTube. It was judged that Bina48 and NDNU classmates were the winners of this debate.

In the next decade, Barry hopes Bina48 might become complex enough to teach a class, though he says he foresees robots being used to better the teaching and learning experience, rather than replacing instructors completely.

篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。机器人Bina48成功地完成爱的哲学这门课程。Bina48参加讨论，作报告，参与辩论，在课堂上的表现堪称是非凡的。它的表现展示了人工智能或许在某种程度上比人类更聪明，未来人们希望它能促进教学帮助学习。

1．What was Bina48's performance like in class?

A．Extraordinary.                      B．Insignificant.

C．Far­reaching.                       D．Unattractive.

2．What does the underlined word “addressing” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Dealing with.                       B．Consulting with.

C．Giving a speech to.                 D．Sending a letter to.

3．What can we learn from the passage?

A．It was interesting for Bina48 to learn about love.

B．It was quite tough for Bina48 to learn about love.

C．Artificial intelligence may somehow be superior to man.

D．Humans can launch a challenge to artificial intelligence.

4．What does Barry think of the future development of Bina48?

A．It will surely be able to serve as a teacher.

B．It will be able to promote learning and teaching.

C．It will completely take the place of instructors.

D．It will be smart enough to control human beings.

Demand for the Chinese tech company's devices (设备) is red hot even though the country's overall market for smartphones is getting smaller. Huawei's China sales rocketed more than 20% in the final quarter of 2018, and experts say that's partly due to the US government's global campaign against the company.

“The latest tension between the US and China raised the patriotism (爱国主义) in Chinese consumers，” said Jusy Hong, an analyst at research firm IHS Markit.

He pointed out that some Chinese companies encouraged employees to buy Huawei phones late last year. The moves were a gesture of support after the firm's chief financial officer was arrested in Canada in early December at the request of the United States.

Huawei's booming sales show how major parts of its business continue to increase even as the United States tries to persuade other countries to shut Huawei products out of 5G wireless networks and pursues (追究) criminal charges against it. The company expects to overtake Samsung as the world's biggest smartphone maker by next year.

Huawei sold 30 million phones in China in the last three months of 2018, nearly three times as many as Apple (AAPL), according to data published this week by research firms Canalys and IDC. Apple's sales plunged almost 20%.

Huawei's success in China, the world's largest smartphone market, is more than about geopolitics (地缘政治). Chinese consumers love its flagship, high­end phones because they have great cameras, cutting edge technology and cost less than the latest iPhones, according to analysts. And by offering a selection of cheaper phones, Huawei is able to target a bigger market.

It also benefited from the troubles this year at ZTE (ZTCOF), a rival Chinese smartphone and telecommunications equipment maker. ZTE was banned by the US government from buying vital American parts for months last year.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了华为公司在手机市场日益缩小的中国仍然火爆的原因。

5．Why did Huawei's China sales increase greatly according to the article?

A．Because the company's devices are always popular worldwide.

B．Because Chinese consumers' patriotism was aroused.

C．Because the government encourages people to buy Huawei devices.

D．Because the country's overall market for smartphones is getting bigger.

6．What can we conclude from the third paragraph?

A．Huawei's chief financial officer was arrested in Canada due to the US's request.

B．All Chinese companies showed their support to Huawei with their purchase.

C．Jusy Hong thought the United States arrested Huawei's chief financial officer.

D．Jusy Hong thought the arrest of Huawei's chief financial officer is unfair.

7．How do you understand the underlined word in the fifth paragraph?

A．Increased greatly by.               B．Reduced greatly to.

C．Dropped greatly by.                 D．Remained steady.

8．Why is Huawei's success in China more than about geopolitics?

A．Because Huawei has the largest smartphone market in the world.

B．Because Huawei's success is only limited within China mainland.

C．Because Huawei has the ability to target a bigger market in the world.

D．Because Chinese consumers are quite satisfied with Huawei smartphones.

Many of us think, wrongly, that the moon doesn't change. For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu once wrote that “Generations have come and passed away; From year to year the moons look alike, old and new.\”

However, a new study published in the journal Nature Geoscience shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time. For the study, a group of US scientists examined and analyzed thousands of photographs taken by the NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance  Orbiter  Camera (月球勘测轨道飞行器照相机). They found that there were lots of faults (断层) on the surface of the moon. These faults were formed by recent movement on the moon.

According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy and cooled down. Then it began to shrink, in a way comparable to the shrinking of a grape into a raisin. Over the past several hundred million years, it has become 46 meters “skinnier”. But due to its hard and rocky layer, the moon's surface continues to push up.  “Some of these quakes can be  fairly  strong, around  five  on  the  Richter  scale (里氏震级)，” said Thomas Watters, a senior scientist at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in the US.

But does that mean the moon is a dangerous place that human shouldn't try to explore and live on in the future? Maybe not, reported The Telegraph.“This isn't anything to worry about. The moon may be shrinking, but not by much. It's not going anywhere，\”  Watters comforted us.

The new discovery proves that the idea that the moon is a dead, boring place is wrong. “We have been to the moon and we've done some great science, but there is still a lot we don't know. The moon is shrinking—we didn't really realize that until recently. It's a much more active and interesting place than we thought and we should explore that，\” NASA scientist Nathan Williams said.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一项最新的科学研究表明，月球正在随着时间慢慢地缩小。此外，这项研究还表明月球还有许多我们不了解的东西，它是一个比我们认为的更活跃、更有意思的地方，我们应该探索它。

9．Which point of view about the moon may the writer agree to?

A．It stays the same as before.

B．It is becoming slightly smaller.

C．It is getting older and older.

D．It has passed away.

10．What can we learn about the moon from the third paragraph?

A．It has become 46 meters fatter due to expanding.

B．It has changed from a grape into a raisin in recent years.

C．It quakes even at seven on the Richter scale.

D．It has a hot core and releases energy during expanding.

11．Who thinks that we needn't worry about the moon?

A．Zhang Ruoxu.                        B．Thomas Watters.

C．Nathan Williams.                    D．The journalist.

12．What does Nathan Williams think of the moon?

A．It is a dead and boring place.

B．It has lots of faults on the surface.

C．It is valuable to do more science.

D．It isn't a place where we can live.

Love to sink into your chairs and relax when you get to school? Then you will not be happy to hear that schools all over the world are seriously considering exchanging traditional desks for ones with no seats at all—Yes, that means you will be encouraged to stand through those already too long math and science lessons! Why would anyone even think of putting kids to such cruelty? Experts say it improves their health and helps fight obesity. While that may seem a little far­fetched (牵强的) the officials at the few schools around the world seem to agree.

Among them are educators from the College Station Independent School District in Texas, who recently completed a week­long experiment involving 480 students across three elementary schools. The 374 kids that agreed to participate in the study were provided a device that helped record step count and calorie consumption over the entire period.

All 25 teachers involved in the study reported that students appeared to be more alert and concentrate better, when allowed to stand. The one thing that did surprise the researchers was that younger kids were more willing to stay standing than kids in higher grades. They believe this may have something to do with the fact that after years of being asked to “sit still”， older kids have a harder time adjusting to this unexpected freedom.

American schools are not the only ones reporting success with stand­up desks. Four Catholic schools in Perth, Australia, which have been testing them since October 2013, have seen similar results. In May 2014, Grove House Primary School in Bradford, West Yorkshire, became Europe's first test one, with a seven­week trial that involved the use of desks made by Ergotron in their fifth­grade classrooms. While official results are not out yet, early reactions from both teachers and students, have been extremely encouraging.

The findings of these studies and others done previously, all seem to mean that allowing kids to move around in classrooms is a win­win for students and teachers—it helps kids get healthier and provides educators with a more engaged audience.

篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一种让学生站着上课的新型课桌，它既能保持学生健康又能使学生集中注意力，从而提高课堂效率，很受师生欢迎。

13．According to the first paragraph, what may make the students at school unhappy is that  ________.

A．they have to exchange desks with each other

B．they have to exchange traditional desks for ones with no seats on their own

C．there are no seats for them to sit in class

D．the officials show no sympathy to them at all

14．According to the teachers, older students may not like stand­up desks because________.

A．they are cleverer than younger students   

B．they are easily tired of standing long

C．they have formed the habit of sitting      

D．they do badly in class while standing

15．What is most likely to be the result of the seven­week trial?

A．The standing desks can't be used at all.

B．It is good for students to use stand­up desks.

C．More tests should be done in other schools.

D．The students are different in personality.

16．Why do the teachers like the standing desks?

A．Because the educators can draw the students' attention.

B．Because the teachers can keep the students healthy.

C．Because the students can have a walk in the classroom.

D．Because the standing desks can keep the students concentrated.

(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.

“It's no secret that China has always been a source (来源) of inspiration for designers，” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A＋E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion (时尚) shows.

Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China­inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics (美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.

“China is impossible to overlook，” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking_on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales，” adds Hill.

For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers，” she says. “China is no longer just another market；in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”

篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章以国外视角报道中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响，展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。

1．What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?

A．It promoted the sales of artworks.

B．It attracted a large number of visitors.

C．It showed ancient Chinese clothes.

D．It aimed to introduce Chinese models.

2．What does Hill say about Chinese women?

A．They are setting the fashion.

B．They start many fashion campaigns.

C．They admire super models.

D．They do business all over the world.

3．What do the underlined words “taking on”  in paragraph 4 mean?

A．learning from                       B．looking down on

C．working with                        D．competing against

4．What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Young Models Selling Dreams to the World

B．A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York

C．Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics

D．Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends

(2019·石家庄市重点高中高三毕业班摸底考试)When Gitanjali Rao shared how she likes “finding solutions to real problems”， it was hard to imagine this dynamic girl could settle a problem that had escaped scientists for years.

In just three months, Rao came up with a device (装置) that can replace the costly and lengthy tests currently used to reliably determine lead levels in our fresh water. Inspired by the current litigation (诉讼) in Flint, Michigan, a case of water pollution from 2014 until present, Rao designed a new testing system that resulted in her being named “America's top young scientist” for 2017.

Rao had been following the water problem for about two years. She was amazed by the number of people affected by lead pollution in water and wanted to do something to change this. Rao spent months trying to convince local high schools and colleges to give her lab time to continue her experiment. At home, Rao worked on her project in the “science room” she asked her parents to create for her. Rao has created a device that uses three parts: a cartridge, a Bluetooth reader and an app. To put it simply, the cartridge contains carbon nanotubes (纳米管) that react to lead. This reaction is then registered by the Bluetooth reader, which sends a signal to a mobile app that can tell you immediately if your water is safe to drink.

Rao appropriately named the device Tethys and is hoping to make a little improvement to get the device on the market. While we may not be aware of any lead pollution present in our aging pipelines, lead poisoning can cause delays in physical and mental development. With Rao believing that the “purpose of science is to make a difference”， her incredible invention could make a difference to millions of people in the United States.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个女孩发明了一款可以检测水中铅水平的装置，从而解决了一个科学家多年来忽视的问题。

5．What do we know about Rao's device?

A．It's cheap and quick.

B．It's cheap and inaccurate.

C．It's expensive and reliable.

D．It's portable and time­consuming.

6．What made Rao have the idea of designing the device?

A．Her parents' suggestions.

B．Her desire for winning the award.

C．Her interest in settling real problems.

D．The water pollution litigation in Flint.

7．What do the carbon nanotubes function as?

A．Sending immediate signals.

B．Detecting the presence of lead.

C．Recording the reaction results.

D．Showing the water quality results.

8．What does the author think of Rao's invention?

A．It will lead Rao to make a fortune.

B．It will help millions of Americans drink safe water.

C．It will promote the development of science in America.

D．It will soon settle the lead­polluted problem thoroughly.

(2020·惠州市高三第一次调研考试试题)TOKYO, June 8 (Xinhua)—The Beijing Organizing Committee of the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games held a promotion event in the Japanese capital, Tokyo on Saturday to introduce the latest developments in preparation for the Beijing Winter Olympics.

The promotion event, which used an exhibition wall and the “Charming Beijing\” photo exhibition to showcase the preparations of Beijing 2022, was part of “Beijing Week\”， a series of activities to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the establishment of sister－city relations between Beijing and Tokyo.

On the exhibition wall with an area of 33 square meters, Beijing 2022 organizers showcased five aspects including the Beijing Winter Olympics vision, Beijing's winter sports tradition, emblems (徽章) of Beijing 2022, competition planning and the National Speed Skating Oval.

At the same time, old photos of the Chinese and Japanese ice hockey teams echoed the 40th anniversary of the establishment of sister－city relations between the two cities and the theme of the Beijing Winter Olympics.

The promotion videos of the Beijing 2022 emblems, as well as other related video clips, drew great interest of the audience.

The “Charming Beijing\” photo exhibition displayed some of the Winter Olympic venues, showing the progress of the preparations for the Beijing Winter Olympics.

Meanwhile, the sand table, VR glasses and the “Beijing Winter Olympics Brochure\” are also provided to let the audience visually experience the unique charm of the National Speed Skating Oval and the features of other competition venues.

Chang Yu, Director General of the Media and Communications Department of the Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee, introduced the progress of the preparations of Beijing 2022 and the vision of cooperation between Beijing 2022 and Tokyo 2020.

Chang Yu said that the Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee stays committed to hosting the Games in a green, inclusive, open and clean manner, with the aim of delivering a fantastic, extraordinary and excellent Olympic event to the world.

The Beijing Winter Olympics will open on February 4, 2022, which will  feature 7  sports, 15  disciplines and  109  events.

篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会组委会在日本东京举行了宣传活动，展示了冬奥会准备工作的最新进展。

9．How was the promotion event carried out?

A．By advertising on TV in Beijing and Tokyo.

B．By sending off brochures to citizens in Tokyo.

C．By providing various visual experiences.

D．Through tours all around Tokyo.

10．The underlined word “commemorate\” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ________.

A．celebrate                           B．appreciate

C．compare                             D．combine

11．What can be inferred from Chang Yu's introduction?

A．Beijing will host the Olympics earlier than Tokyo.

B．Beijing is well－prepared for the 2022 event.

C．Beijing 2022 proves a great success.

D．Beijing 2022 will be environmentally friendly.

12．Which of the following can be the title of this passage?

A．The Sister－city Anniversary Between Beijing and Tokyo

B．Beijing 2022 Promotion Event in Tokyo

C．Beijing and Tokyo, Friendship Forever

D．Preparations for Beijing 2022 Olympics

(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms (微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big problem? It's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.

HUNCH is designed to connect high school class­rooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution (解决方案). “We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says Florence Gold, a project manager.

“There are no tests，” Gordon says. “There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than‘Are you working towards your goal？’ Basically, it's ‘I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.’Engineers come and really do an in­person review, and ... it's not a very nice thing at times. It's a hard business review of your product.”

Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact  (影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back.  I don't teach.” And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目，解决国际空间站中的细菌问题。

13．What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?

A．They are hard to get rid of.

B．They lead to air pollution.

C．They appear in different forms.

D．They damage the instruments.

14．What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?

A．To strengthen teacher­student relationships.

B．To sharpen students' communication skills.

C．To allow students to experience zero gravity.

D．To link space technology with school education.

15．What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?

A．Check their product.                B．Guide project designs.

C．Adjust work schedules.              D．Grade their homework.

16．What is the best title for the text?

A．NASA: The Home of Astronauts

B．Space: The Final Homework Frontier

C．Nature: An Outdoor Classroom

D．HUNCH: A College Admission Reform

(2019·广东省惠州市高三第一次调研考试)China will give the green light to Internet medical services conducted by medical institutions as part of a broader push to promote Internet Plus Healthcare, which was decided at a State Council executive meeting held by  Premier Li Keqiang.

Medical institutions will be allowed to provide online diagnostic services for patients with common and chronic diseases in their follow­up visits to their doctors. The top levels of hospitals will be encouraged to provide online services, including consultations (会诊), reservations and test result inquiries.

As China joins the ranks of middle­income countries, the demand for health services has increased accordingly. Internet Plus Healthcare can help reduce the problem of inaccessible and expensive public health services that have long been a big concern for the general public.

One decision coming out of the meeting says the intelligent review of health insurance will be applied and that the one­stop settlement will be advanced. The real­time sharing of prescription and drug retail sales will be explored as well.

“We must waste no time in pushing forward the measures once the decision is made，” Li said. “In recent years, top­level hospitals in major cities have seen steady increases in the number of patients. Medical bills have become a heavy burden on families and high­end medical resources still fall short of meeting the growing demand of the public.”

To solve the problem, a two­pronged (双管齐下的) approach must be taken. One is to establish medical partnerships to strengthen cooperation between major hospitals and community clinics. The other is to bring forward Internet Plus Healthcare to promote the sharing of quality medical resources.

The government will see to it that long­distance healthcare services cover all country­level hospitals. So more efforts will be made to ensure that high­speed broadband network will be extended to cover medical institutions in urban and rural areas. Dedicated Internet access services will be set up to meet the needs for long­distance healthcare services.

篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文中讲述了李克强总理在国务院常务会议上强调中国将大力推进“互联网＋”医疗服务的相关情况。

17．According to the text, which of the following services won't a     patient enjoy online?

A．Receiving a medical operation.

B．Asking doctors for advice after the test.

C．Knowing their situation about the disease.

D．Making an appointment with a doctor in advance.

18．What makes the demand for health services increase in  China?

A．The expense of medical care.

B．The recognition of health insurance.

C．The improvement of people's life quality.

D．The inconvenience of hospital equipment.

19．What does Li mean by saying “We must waste no time in    pushing forward the measures”？

A．The bills are impossible to afford.

B．The situations need urgent improvement.

C．The measures are perfectly worked out.

D．The hospitals are unwilling to admit patients.

20．What can be the suitable title for the text?

A．Modern Hospitals

B．Online Healthcare on Its Way

C．No More Burden for General People

D．Wide Applications of Internet Medical Services