题目

阅读理解Eco­friendlyVauban, lied in the southwest part of Germany, has everything—tree­linedstreets, perfect houses—but it's missing one urban feature of the last 100years or so: the car. And Vauban residents don't mind one bit. Vauban doesn'tban cars entirely. Rather, it just tries to reduce the use of cars by creating parking­freeand car­free living. In Vauban, parking spots are a no­no privateproperty. Cars can only be parked in public parking lots, so living without acar saves residents the cost of parking in the public lot. Cars also areprevented from using certain roads and 任何一种生物都生活在一定的环境中，与环境有着密切的关系，一方面生物要从环境中摄取________，因而是受到环境的制约，所以生物必须________；另一方面生物的生命活动能够不断地________。研究生物与环境相互关系的学科称为________。目前世界范围内，在生态学方面迫切需要解决的四大问题是________、________、________、________。