环保类 知识点题库

    "Save the whales!" That's what the picture on Jake Smith's bedroom wall said. Jake liked having a picture that said something important: that showed he cared. He just never expected to get a chance to save a real whale, one right in his own neighbourhood.

    It was a Saturday morning when the newspaper first reported the whales' coming. A group of the animals were swimming close to the beach in Jake's hometown. All the local people rushed out to the beach to see them. They were expecting a beautiful show, better than a movie, but nothing they'd have to do anything about.

    Then one whale swam in the direction, directly towards land. It came in with the waves, and when the waves receded. Its huge body on the sand. Suddenly, Jake and his family and all the others were no longer sightseers. They had to become rescuers. A few people ran towards the animal. They pushed and tried to force the whale back into the water, but it was no use.

    An animal rescue service team soon arrived in a truck with heavy lifting machinery, to help move the animal. Jack and his family couldn't do much on the beach, so they went back to their house and made sandwiches and hot tea for the rescuers. At least, Jake thought, they could help in some way.

    Back at the beach, they offered the food to the rescuers and were happy to see that it was needed. It was getting dark. Some people lined up their cars along the beach and shined the headlights on the sand. The rescuers would not give up. After trying many times they were finally able to lift the whale into the water. Everyone cheered when it headed out to sea. It swam out about a mile and then disappeared for a moment under the sea. Then, in what looked like a jump of joy, it rose high above the water—a thank-you to those who had worked so hard to save his life.

    Car Free Day encourages drivers to give up their cars for a day to protect the environment. People from around the world get together in the streets to remind the world that we don't have to accept the society full of cars. It was first started by 35 cities in France, and September 22 is Car Free Day. The first Car Free Day in China was in Chengdu in 2001. The slogan for the day is “If we drive for one less day, we can have one more nice day".

    Organized activities are held in many cities on Car Free Day. In Brussels, Car Free Day shall be 0 valid(有效的) for everybody except persons with a special permit(许可证)，but they have to slow down to the speed of 30 kilometres per hour. The public transportation is free on that day. In London, they have special “green areas” Walking， biking and public transportation are encouraged. The streets are open only to walkers, bicycles and buses from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm. In Beijing, it asks drivers to leave their cars at home for one day each month and walk or ride a bike to work. More and more people are joining in the activity. We must do more for Car Free Day as a Beijing driver said, “We may not change the weather, but we can choose not to drive.”

    But we do not want just one day and then return to “normal” life. We should go on with Car Free Day.

    What happens to a wooden pencil after you wear it down to a stub (铅笔头)? It usually gets thrown away directly. Every year, 15 billion wooden pencils are made. That means a lot of pencil stubs are thrown away.

    Sprout World, a company in Denmark, wants to cut down on this waste. It makes pencils that can grow into vegetables or houseplants. "A dying product is now giving life to a new product," says Michael Stausholm, the boss of the company.

    Sprout World's pencils have a tiny box with them. The box is filled with seeds (种子). After you wear down the pencil, you plant the stub in the field. In a few weeks, the box will disappear and the seeds will grow into plants.

    Stausholm developed this product in 2012 with a group of university students. At first, he sold his pencils only in Denmark, his home country. To his surprise, in just a few months, 70,000 pencils were sold. By 2014, Stausholm had sold a million pencils across Europe. Sprout World now sells about 450,000 pencils every month.

    Now Stausholm is developing some new products, such as "plantable" greeting cards. "We know we can't save the planet just with our products," he says. "But at least, we can encourage people to look for reusable products to create less waste."

    New research suggests that climate change helped dogs develop from animals looking like cats to the way they are today. Scientists from Brown University in the USA believe that 40 million years ago, dogs were smaller and they looked like cats. They hid, ran after and killed other animals. As climate changed in the world, the physique 体型）and eating habits of dogs also changed. Thick forests that once covered North America started to become less thick as the earth became cooler.

    The appearances of grassland made dogs have fewer places to hide to hunt for food. To get used to the environment, they changed their ways of hunting and slowly grew longer legs. The scientists studied how dogs have changed themselves by looking at the elbows（肘部）and teeth of 32 different species that lived from 2 million to 40 million years ago. The scientists said that the dogs' elbows greatly changed. Dogs from 40 million years ago had elbows that were more similar to those of cats. The function of the elbows was to allow the front paw（爪子）to catch what they could get and hold on to it. The elbows changed to allow dogs to become good runners and then they were able to run after other animals over long distances. Teeth in dogs also changed to be more useful. They became much stronger to be able to hold on to what they get.

    Although the world is hungry, it is even thirstier. While nearly 3/4 of the earth is covered with water, we are short of drinking water.

    How can we avoid (避免) a serious water shortage? Then, we should protect our water resources and not pollute them. Lastly, we should discover ways to reuse water. But people's need for water is increasing day by day. We still don't have enough water. What else can we do?

    There is plenty of water in the sea. But we need to take the salt away from the sea water. If scientists can find cheaper ways to do it, we can solve the problem of the shortage of water.

    We should not use more water than we actually need. If we do, we will not have enough water in the future.It is not a difficult question to answer. If we remove more fresh water than nature replaces, we have taken too much.

    Many cities run campaigns (运动) to get people to stop wasting water. They show them ways they can cut back on water use.What's more, they carry out programs that offer money to reduce water use. For example, they give people shower heads and toilets that use less water.

    Another threat (威胁) to our water supply is pollution. When our sources of fresh water get polluted, we can no longer use this water. This also endangers (危及) the animals that depend on the water.

    We can save lots of water by not letting taps (水龙头) run while we brush our teeth or by turning off taps right after washing hands. By collecting cold water when we're taking warm showers, we can also save water.In this way, we can make full use of water.

    Cars make our lives more convenient. But they can also be a problem. For example, fossil fuel (化石燃料) cars mainly cause air pollution.

    To improve the environment, many countries are developing electric vehicles (EVs, 电动车). Among them, China is taking a leading role and has created the world's largest EV market.

    Last year, over 40 per cent of the 753,000 EVs sold in the world were sold in China, more than twice as many as the number sold in the United States.

    "Filing up a fossil fuel car with gas (汽油) is more expensive than charging (充电) an electric car, " said Wu Hao, who bought an electric car this year.

    However, there are still some problems. It can be hard to find charging piles (充电桩) and the cars can't go far before needing to be recharged.

    Some of these problems are being solved. In 2014, China had 31,000 charging piles. Now China has the world's largest EV charging network, with more than 167,000 charging piles in total.

    Developing EVs is one of many efforts that China has made to cut down pressure on its environment after the government promised to stop increases in carbon dioxide emissions (二氧化碳排放量) by 2030.

    "As China goes, so will the world's car industry," the Wall Street Journal said. China has taken a leading role in the world's electric vehicle industry.

Daisy was in the bathroom. She was brushing her teeth and the tap(水龙头) was on. Water was running.

“Turn that tap off,” a voice said loudly. Daisy was shocked. She 1, but saw no one. “Turn that tap off. You are wasting water!” Someone shouted 2.

This time Daisy turned off the tap and asked, “Who—who are you?”

“I am a drop of water. It's not 3 for me to get here. Do you know where I'm from?” “From the tap?" said Daisy.

“No. A few days ago, I was flying comfortably in a cloud , enjoying the view from the sky. Then I 4 into a river and that river carried me to a lake. Then it was time for me to get cleaned up.” “Really?” Daisy doubted. “Yes. I was 5 after my journey. So in order to make me safe to drink, people gave me a complete 6. After that, I travelled in the pipes(管道)under the streets. I waited there 7 you called me, and here I am.”

Daisy said, “So this is the end of your 8?”

“No. When you've finished with me, I will be back in the sea again. That's where I came from in the first place. Remember not to waste me or pollute me. I'm 9, like gold. See you.”

“Wait a minute. What do you mean by gold?” But there was no 10. The water had gone.

    Want to make a difference to our planet? Bring your families and friends to our clubs in your free time. These clubs are free and a lot of fun.

Nature First

    Come and meet people of ail ages who care about the environment at our beach project. We collect plastic to be recycled on the beach near you. Learn how waste in our oceans harms sea life and what you can do about it.

Earth's Friends

    We get creative at Earth's Friends! This youth club is for teens who want to take part in online projects such as making more people know about pollution in cities and how it is influencing the environment. Our website has a fantastic planner, so you can see how cycling reduces pollution in your local area.

Genius

    Don't put your bottles, newspapers or cans in the recycling bin一bring them to any meeting on Monday morning, when our expert environmental artist shows you how to make art out of rubbish! Take part in planning the event to show off your creative projects to the public, and share tips on ways to reduce waste.

Band Together

    You won't believe you're in the middle of the city where our club meets every Sunday afternoon. Come and help clean up rubbish in our city parks! It's not easy, but you'll make lots of new friends. And it's not all hard work一we have guest speakers and discussions about how to protect animals in the area.

If you live in Shanghai, you might have taken a "lesson" on garbage sorting(垃圾分类). Shanghai is the first city to carry out(实施)strict rules on garbage sorting. People in Shanghai know that garbage is sorted into four categories(类别)—recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. If people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200 yuan, while companies will have to pay between 1, 000 to 50, 000 yuan for breaking the rules. Since the rules took effect, the amount of total daily waste in Shanghai has been reduced. The city also rebuilt 21, 000waste-sorting stations and more than 40, 000 waste bins have been updated.

However, there have also been some problems. Some people complained that it is difficult to deal with wet garbage, as they are asked to remove wet garbage from its bag when dumping. According to the sorting rules, the wet garbage must go in the wet waste bin and the bag must go in the dry waste bin. Because the wet garbage will decompose(分解)properly and become useful organic(有机的) waste.

By the end of 2020, garbage-sorting systems will be set up in 46 cities in our country. Everyone should take an active part in garbage sorting.

A recent report shows that about 80 percent of diseases in poor countries are brought by poor water and dirty environment. In those countries. women and girls spend several hours collecting polluted water far away from their homes. The polluted water is bad for their health.

Here is a short story about Kitty. a 12-year-old girl in Niger. She learned that hand-washing was very important when the school first got clean water three years ago. That evening, she told her father, "You shouldn't eat with me if you don't clean your hands. "Her father was very angry and shouted at her. "It's not up to you to tell me what to do!" Stunned（目瞪口呆）, Kitty sat quietly, but she knew she was right. To protest, Kitty didn't eat dinner that night. After her father asked Kitty's head teacher, he understood the importance of hand-washing and his daughter's purpose. The girl really wanted her families to live longer and healthier.

For people in poor countries, clean water can change many things, so from now on, let's try our best to save water and this is very important to people all over the world.

Saving the Earth becomes one of the biggest problems in the world. We can find the rubbish in many places. It not only makes our environment (环境) very bad but also harms people's health. So we should not t rubbish onto the ground. Some factories pour waste water into rivers, lakes, the sea and the l. It can p the earth, sometimes it can k lots of fish. We must keep our environment clear and tidy. We have only one Barth. It is our home. We must try our best to p it, and make our home more beautiful.

    Everyone likes living in a clean and comfortable environment. If the environment is bad, it will affect（影响）our body, and make us not feel well. Sometimes we may be terribly ill. At that time we don't want to work, and we have to stay in bed and rest at home. So the environment is very important to us.

    It's germs that makes us ill. There are germs everywhere. They are very small and you can't find them with your own eyes, but you can see them with a microscope（显微镜）. They are very small and there may be hundreds of them on a very small thing. Germs can always be found in dirty water. When we look at dirty water under the microscope, we shall see them in it. Germs can also be found in air and dust（灰尘）. If you cut your finger, some of the dust from the floor may go into it, and you will have much pain in it. Sometimes the germs will go into all of your body, and you will have pain everywhere.

    To keep us healthy, we should try to our best to make our environment become cleaner and tidier. This needs us to act together.

Pollution is the most serious problem in the world. Pollution always goes with humans. There are many kinds of pollution.

Water pollution is one of the most serious kinds of pollution.

Water is very important to humans, because we can't live without water. But now water is becoming dirtier and dirtier. Many of us throw rubbish （垃圾）into rivers. Many factories are < polluting rivers, too.

I hope people could see this problem. If we don't protect（保护）or save water, the drinking water will become less and less. But what should we do? Here are some suggestions（建议）: First, we mustn't throw rubbish into rivers. Second, we should plant more trees on both sides of the rivers. Next, we should stop the factories polluting rivers. Then, after washing the vegetables, we can use the water to clean the floor. Finally, when we see someone wasting water, we should stop him or her.

At last, I would like to say "To protect water is to protect life." It's our job to protect and save water. Let's do it from now on.

Many animals are in danger around the world. Here are some examples.

Have you ever heard of Earth Day? As a result of the global coronavirus outbreak(冠状病毒爆发), a lot of activities have been stopped, but Earth Day is not one of them.

The story began when astronauts on Spaceship Apollo 8 brought back a photo of the Earth on December 24, 1968. It was the first time people could see our home from space on a photo with full color. Although it showed people how beautiful the Earth was, the photo also reminded us how venerable the blue planet could be. Since then, people started to understand that the Earth could be easily broken. The modern environmental movement(运动) started. On April 22, 1970, environmental groups created the first Earth Day. More than 20 million people walked out to streets and talked about how they could protect the Earth.

Coronavirus this year may not allow us to gather(聚集), but it will not keep us silent. Environmental groups have set up a website(//www. earthday. org) for people who care about the Earth to share their opinions. You can write about anything on the website as long as it can make a difference in making the Earth better. It could be about stopping the overuse(过度使用) of cars, protecting wildlife around the world or just saving drinking water.

With the help of digital medias(电子媒体), the whole world is more connected than ever. Please go to the website and share your ideas. Together, we can take action to change our lives and change our world, not for one day, but forever.  

People kill animals for their meat, fur, teeth and so on. Animals are in great danger now. Every year, yellow-breasted buntings (黄胸鹀) fly from Siberia(西伯利亚) to southern China. They spend winter there. They fly over 4,000 kilometers. But when they arrive, they are in danger. People kill lots of the birds, because they think the birds taste good and eating their meat is good for health. In 2017, the birds became a kind of very endangered animals. If people don't do something about it, we will not see them in the future.

Elephants are also in danger. Elephants use their ivory to fight, lift things, get water and food. But it also brings them bad luck. People not only use it to make jewelry (珠宝), but also use it to make medicine. They think that medicine made of ivory can make people healthy. Every year，people kill about 27. 000 elephants. according to National Geographic. In fact, people don't really need the ivory. Only elephants need it. To protect the elephants, China started to stop the buying and selling of ivory on December 31st, 2017. So please don't buy things made of ivory. And remember Word Elephant Day is on August 12th.

The earth is our home. Some things we have done are good for the earth while some are bad. We can see many kinds of pollution around us, especially water pollution.

Water pollution is becoming serious in my hometown gradually. One year ago, it was a village with clean rivers and beautiful mountains. As a result, it makes the water dirty and smell terrible. Most of fish in the water have gone and we can't swim in the river. Water is very important to human beings, so what should we do to protect and save it?

The government should pass laws against water pollution. Second, we should save water in our daily life. For example, turn off the taps in time. Third, we should discover ways to reuse water. Last, let's try to spread the message about protecting and saving water. Make more people around us know the problem of water shortage and how to help to solve it.

We must save every drop of water. Don't let our tears be the last drop of water on the earth.

①Walk or drive to work? Which way is lower in carbon (碳)? To be friendly to the environment, you may choose to walk. Have you ever tried to live a low-carbon life through your diet (日常饮食)?

②A new study from the University of Oxford has looked into the health and environmental influences of 15 foods common in western diets. Among these, plant-based（基于植物的）foods included fruits, vegetables, nuts and potatoes. It also studied animal-based foods, including red meat, chicken, milk products, eggs and fish.

③According to the study's lead researcher, Michael Clark, "Choosing better and greener diets is one of the main ways people can improve their health and protect the environment." That is to say, plant-based diets are much healthier for us and kinder to the environment.

④To get this result, researchers compared the influence of eating another portion (一份) of each food with the increased risk of a few illnesses. They also find out the environmental harm for each animal-based food and each plant-based food.

⑤By using this method, the study found that red meats were the most unfriendly foods to the environment. Keeping farm animals produces a large number of methane (甲烷) that keeps 30 times more heat than CO₂. As well as making the earth warmer, eating too much red meat is known to increase the risk of a few illnesses, such as heart trouble.

⑥Plant-based diets can give us the same health benefits in a much greener way. According to the study, without eating or using meat and milk products, global farmland use could be cut down by more than 75% and still feed the world.

⑦Speaking to the Guardian, Tim Benton of Chatham House said, "If we can give people reasonable official advice of what a healthy and green diet is, the world and its people would be in a much better place."