Many studies have hinted(暗示) that alcohol, in moderation, can do a heart good. But new research suggests that moderate drinkers are no more likely than non­drinkers to have clear arteries(动脉).

    The scientists looked at almost 2,000 patients who underwent CT test. Overall, there was no association between people's drinking habits and their heart diseases. Researchers said an advantage of the new study is that it used objective measurements.

    “No prior studies have assessed the relationship between alcohol consumption and the presence of heart disease,” said lead researcher Dr Julia Karady. "We could not find any relation between the presence of heart disease and alcohol consumption," Karady said. At the same time, she added, there was no evidence that heavier drinking raised the risk of heart disease.

    However, groups like the American Heart Association(AHA) warn against excessive drinking, because it can raise blood pressure and contribute to heart failure and other problems.

    In general, "moderate" is defined as no more than one glass of alcohol a day for women, and no more than two a day for men. But those studies do not prove that alcohol, itself, protects the heart—in large part because alcohol also carries risks.

    It is named a kind of wooden Eiffel Tower, because of the fact that there was a large wooden platform far out in the lake on which stood an improbably high diving board. It was, I'm sure, the county's tallest wooden structure and no one had ever been known to jump from it.

    So it was quite a shock when our teacher, Mr. David, announced that he would dive off the high board that very afternoon.

    Word of his questionable plan was already spreading through town as Mr. David swam out to the platform. He was just a tiny, stick figure when he got there but even from such a distance the high board seemed almost to touch the clouds. Once at the top, he paced the enormously long board, then took some deep breaths and finally stood at edge. He was going to do it.

    Several hundred people had gathered at the shore to watch. Mr. David stood for quite a long time, then he raised his arms, took one massive bounce and launched himself into a perfect dive. It was beautiful. He fell with perfect style for what seemed minutes. The crowd fell silent. The only sound to be heard was the faint whistle of his body tearing through the air toward the water far, far below.

    But about three quarters of the way down he seemed to have second thoughts and began suddenly to panic, waving his arms and legs like someone having a bad dream. When he was perhaps thirty feet above the water, he gave up on waving and spread his arms and legs wide, apparently hoping that it would somehow show his fall.

    It didn't.

    He hit the water at over six hundred miles an hour. The impact was so loud that it made birds fly out of their trees three miles away. I don't think he entered the water at all. He just bounced off it, about fifteen feet back into the air. After that, he lay still on the surface, spinning like an autumn leaf.

    He was brought to shore by two passing fishermen in a rowboat and placed on an old blanket where he spent the rest of the afternoon. Occasionally he accepted small sips of water, but otherwise was too shock to speak. From head to toe, he was covered with deep red bruises.

……

    It was the best day of my life.

    An important drug that serves as the backbone of treatment for most childhood cancers, has become increasingly rare, and doctors are warning that they may soon be forced to consider rationing doses(定量供应剂量)．

    There have been long­term shortages of certain drugs and medical supplies in the United States for years, but doctors say the loss of this medication, vincristine(长春新碱) is leading to lots of problems, as there is no appropriate substitute. "This is truly a sad situation," said Dr. Yoram Unguru, a doctor at the Herman and Walter Samuelson Children's Hospital at Sinai in Baltimore. "Vincristine is our water. It's our bread and butter. I can't think of a treatment for childhood cancer that doesn't use vincristine." Shortages of the drug will likely affect children throughout the country, he said, forcing doctors to make difficult decisions. "There is no substitution for vincristine that can be recommended," Dr. Unguru said. "You either have to skip a dose or give a lower dose or beg or borrow."

    Vincristine is one of the drugs used to manage leukemia, the most common childhood cancer. The Children's Oncology Group, a group of researchers at hospitals and cancer centers, has made recommendations for changing clinical trial treatment rules involving vincristine, including checking the hospital's supply before trial enrollment, and considering using half the dose if the full amount is not available.

    "We are all disappointed," said Dr. Michael Link, a doctor at the Stanford University School of Medicine. Without vincristine, many children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia will still be cured, "but this is a difficult disease to treat in general, and with one hand tied behind your back, it makes it much more difficult，"Dr. Link said.

    Until earlier this year, there were two suppliers of vincristine: Pfizer and Teva. In July, Teva made a "business decision to discontinue the drug," according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Since then, Pfizer has been the only supplier, and the company lately has been experiencing troubles with production. "Pfizer has experienced a delay, and we are working closely with them and exploring all ways to make sure this important cancer drug is available for the patients who need it," the FDA said. Jessica Smith from Pfizer said the company would speed up additional shipments of the drug over the next few weeks in an effort to make up for Teva's withdrawal from the market.

Top Rated and Best Selling Home Coffee Makers

    James Watt was an English boy. He was very clever and liked to ask questions.

    One day, the boy was sitting in his grandmother's kitchen. Above the fire an old-fashioned teakettle was hanging. The water within it was beginning to bubble. A thin cloud of steam was rising from the spout(壶嘴). Soon the lid(盖子)began to rattle and shake. The hot vapor puffed(冒出)out at a fast rate. Yet when the boy glanced under the lid he could see nothing.

    “Grandma, what's in the kettle?” little Watt asked. “Water, my child-nothing but water.” his grandma answered.” But I know there is something else. There is something under the lid and makes it rattle.” Grandmother laughed. “Oh, that is only steam,” she said. “You can see it coming out of the spout and puffing up under the lid.” “But you said there was nothing but water in the kettle. How did the steam get under the lid?” “Why, my dear, it comes out of the hot water. The hot water makes it.”

    James lifted the lid and glanced inside again. He could see nothing but the bubbling water. The steam was not visible until it was fairly out of the kettle. “How strange!” he said. “The steam must be very strong to lift the heavy iron lid. Grandma, how much water did you put into the kettle?” “About a quart, James.” “Well, if the steam from so little water is so strong, why would not the steam from a great deal of water be a great deal stronger? Why couldn't it be made to lift a much greater weight? Why couldn't it be made to turn wheels?” Grandmother made no reply. These questions were more puzzling than profitable, she thought. She went about her work silently, and James sat still in his place and studied the teakettle.

    So many years later, James Watt tried hard to make steam work for people. Finally he became very famous because he invented the first steam engine.

Choose Your One-Day Tours!

Tour A — Bath & Stonehenge: Including entrance fees to the ancient Roman bathrooms and Stonehenge — £ 37 until 26 March and £ 39 thereafter.

Visit the city with over 2,000 years of history and Bath Abbey, the Royal Crescent and the Costume Museum. Stonehenge is one of the world's most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5,000 years.

Tour B — Oxford & Stratford: Including entrance fees to the University Church of St Mary the Virgin and Anne Hathaway's house — £ 32 until 12 March and £ 36 thereafter.

Oxford: Includes a guided tour of England's oldest university city and colleges. Look over the "city of dreaming spires (尖顶)" from St Mary the Virgin.

Stratford: Includes a guided tour exploring much of the Shakespeare wonder.

Tour C — Windsor Castle & Hampton Court: Including entrance fees to Hampton Court Palace — £ 34 until 11 March and £ 37 thereafter.

Includes a guided tour of Windsor and Hampton Court, Henry Ⅷ's favourite palace. Free time to visit Windsor Castle (entrance fees not included). With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal palace is open to the public as a major tourist attraction. Visit the palace and its various historic gardens, which include the famous maze (迷宫) where it is easy to get lost!

Tour D — Cambridge: Including entrance fees to the Tower of Saint Mary the Great — £ 33 until 18 March and £ 37 thereafter.

Includes a guided tour of Cambridge, the famous university town, and the gardens of the 18th century.

It's school time again! You're probably feeling excited and maybe a little sad that summer is over. Some kids feel nervous or a little scared on the first day of school because of all the new things: new teachers, new friends and even a new school. Luckily, these new worries only stay for a little while. Let's find out more about going to a new school.

Most teachers kick off the new school year by introducing themselves and talking about all the things you'll be doing that year. Some teachers give students a chance to tell something about themselves to the rest of the class, too. When teachers do the talking on the first day, they often go over classroom rules and school rules so you'll know what's allowed and what's not. Please pay close attention.

You might already know a lot of people in your class on the first day, but it's a great day to make new friends, so try to say hello to kids you know and new ones that you don't. Make the first move and you'll be glad you did, and so will your new friends!

Seeing old friends can make the first day an exciting one. You can make the day special by wearing clothes that you really like. Maybe you got a great T-shirt on one of your vacations, or a pair of shoes. It also can make you feel good to be prepared and have all the things you need, such as pencils, folders, and whatever else you'll be needing. But make sure that you pack them the night before in case you don't have time in the morning.

When a language dies, so does a unique way of seeing the world. Time is running out for many tongues. Experts estimate that of the 6,700 or so languages spoken around the world, 40% could disappear by the end of the century. The UN has designated 2019 the International Year of Indigenous Languages to draw attention to the danger. Slowly, countries are developing more resources to the issue.

Canada aims to pass an Indigenous Language Act before its elections in October 2019. The act would give more than 65 languages spoken by First Nations, Inuit and Metis peoples national recognition and teaching resources. In government-funded boarding schools, which operated from the 1880s to 1996, indigenous children faced beatings or electric shocks if they were caught using their native languages. "We want to put the same amount of effort to revitalise indigenous languages as Canada put to wipe them out," says Perry Bellegarde, national chief of the Assembly of First Nations.

Legal recognition for a language is the first step in bringing a native culture back from the brink (边缘). Maori is one of the success stories. When it became one of New Zealand's official languages in 1987, less than 20% of the Maori population spoke it well enough to be regarded as native speakers. Today it is off the endangered list.

The second step is to teach a new generation of native speakers. Technology is a big help. Duolingo, a popular language-learning app, recently added Hawaiian and Navajo to its courses. BASAbali, a wiki documenting Balinese, uses Facebook to reach speakers in rural areas. Say it in Saami is an online dictionary that translates modern lingo into languages spoken by the Sami people in Northern Europe.

Saving rare languages needs people to champion them. Bali now asks officials to use Balinese on Thursdays. The UN year will kick-start projects that could save thousands of tongues. The challenge in 2019 will be to get others to listen and start talking.

    GRAMMY award-winning blues harmonica (口琴) player Sugar Blue made his first China performance in December 2017. Chinese audiences were amazed by his stormy playing of the harmonica.

    Born on December 16, 1949 in New York, Sugar Blue is a great singer and composer. Sugar Blue's love for music comes from his mother. Till today, he still vividly remembers the first time his mother took him to the Apollo Theater to see Stevie Wonder, a music genius. The way Wonder played the harmonica onstage greatly impressed Sugar Blue and made him even more determined to spend his life working on his musical dream.

    Sugar Blue's musical career has been quite smooth, in which New York City plays an integral part. At that time, the musical atmosphere in New York was very diverse, jazz, blues, pop, rock, etc.

    He tries to pour everything that he feels about a song into it. His inspiration comes from people and the things that he comes across in his daily life, involving personal relationships, love, work, and daily struggles. In his eyes, you can write about the wonderful things that happen to you and you can also write about things that are not so good. He also draws inspiration from literature. Besides poetry, Zora Neale Hurston's book also influenced him a lot, which is in his eyes "poetry from the first word to the last."

    Among the cities he has been to, Shanghai is his favorite." In Shanghai, there's rock and roll, jazz, hip-hop, traditional Chinese music. I had a wonderful experience." he said." The city itself is full of life and energy."

    In his new album, Sugar Blue writes a song about Shanghai to show his special love of it. The song features well-known Chinese sheng musician's playing. Sugar Blue loves this song and highly values such cooperation with Chinese musicians.

    It was reported last week that developers could take photos from Apple mobile and Google Android devices without the phone owners knowing that the images were being taken. In Apple's case, developers can also obtain the location information for each photo.

    Senator(参议员) Charles Schumer said in a telephone interview that his office had spoken with officials at both Apple and Google on Monday.

    "We asked them if they could find a way on their own to prevent Apple from having access to private information," Mr. Schumer said. "They were friendly and open to the idea that this ought to be changed."

    On Sunday, Mr. Schumer said that he planned to send a letter to the Federal Trade Commission asking the agency to investigate Apple and Google after the privacy concerns came to light. Claudia Bourne Farrell, an F. T. C. spokeswoman, said the agency had received the letter but she could not comment further.

    "It worries people to think that one's personal photos, address book, and who knows what else can be obtained and even posted online without permission," Mr. Schumer wrote in his letter to the F. T. C. "If the technology exists to open the door to this kind of privacy invasion, then surely technology exists to close it, and that's exactly what must happen."

    Mr. Schumer said if Apple and Google could not come to an agreement to fix the problem, then he would be forced to take the issue further.

    He said other companies had been willing to work with his office to fix issues. "I'm optimistic that we can get this changed without any regulation," he said. "If it's not changed, then we'll turn to the F. T. C. , and if that doesn't work then we'll consider legislative approach."

    The F. T. C. has warned companies to try to be more vigilant (警醒的) in their efforts to protect consumers when it comes to privacy.

China has become the first country to successfully land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. TheChange 4 probe(探测器)has also made the first moon landing since1972. It has the task of exploring the side of the moon that never faces the Earth. The dark side of the moon is older and has a thicker surface than the visible side. It takes the moon as long to go around on its own axis(轴) as it does for one complete orbit around the Earth.

The Chinese probe landed in a huge crater 2, 500 km in diameter and 13 km in depth. The crater is one of the oldest parts of the moon and our solar system.

Scientists hope to learn more about the geology of the far side of the moon. The craft has two cameras on board which will send images back to the Earth. It will also try to send signals to distant regions of space, something that cannot happen on Earth because of too much radio noise.

Chang'e 4 also has instruments on board to examine minerals as well as a container with seeds which will try to create a miniature(微型的)biosphere(生物圈).

Communication with the spacecraft is not easy. Images and other data must be transmitted to a separate satellite because no direct communication with the Earth is possible.

For China the Chang'e 4 mission is an important achievement, because the country has successfully done something no other nation on Earth has done. It wants to become a leading power in space exploration and has announced plans to send astronauts to the moon and set up its own space station.

The influence of America is increasing in my country. Spanish people drink Coca Cola, wear blue jeans, watch Hollywood movies, listen to American music and eat fast food, and they do these things every day.

I think that American movies are a good way to spread American culture because people are often influenced by what they see in the movies. Most of the programs and documentaries (纪录片) we watch on TV are from America, and most of the movies we go to see are made in Hollywood.

In the last few years, the government has tried to protect the Spanish movies. Now, in our cinemas, at least twenty percent of the movies which are shown must be from Spain or from other countries in Europe.

American culture is a part of Spanish life now. It's certain that many things from America are as much a part of people's lives as Spanish things. For example, Coca Cola is as familiar to everybody as any typical Spanish product. I've known about Coca Cola for my whole life.

However, it's different with Western fast food. For example, I don't think McDonald's is as successful in Spain as it is in other countries. In my opinion, one of the reasons may be the lifestyle of the Spanish people. The Spanish people normally eat at home.

On the other hand, maybe McDonald's hamburgers will eventually replace the famous Spanish tapas. It's true that in every city in Spain you can find a McDonald's, and it is more popular among the Spanish children than among the adults. In any case, it's obvious that American culture is becoming more and more a part of our lives every day.

Dr. John Nkengasong head of the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, warned against a "vaccine war" among nations. He said on Thursday at a WHO meeting that he "truly feels helpless that this situation is going to greatly influence our ability to fight this virus." He added, "There is absolutely no need for us humans to go into a vaccine (疫苗) war to fight this pandemic (疫情). We will all be losers."

It is reported that the Serum Institute of India is delaying major exports of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine to meet the rising demand within India. This institute produces the AstraZeneca vaccine being sent to Africa through the COVAX program. It is an international effort to make sure poor countries receive enough vaccines.

South Sudan received its first shipment of 132, 000 doses (剂) of the AstraZeneca vaccine on Thursday. The WHO called the arrival a "big step" toward equal availability of COVID-19 vaccines worldwide. At least 28 of Africa's 54 countries have received over 16 million doses through COVAX.

But COVAX has been facing delays related to the limited worldwide supply of the vaccine. Africa has received limited doses and much later than the rest of the world. At least 10 African countries have not yet received any vaccines.

Officials hope to vaccinate (注射疫苗) 60 percent of Africa's 1.3 billion people by the middle of next year to help Africa reach herd immunity (群体免疫), which means when enough people are protected through infection or vaccination, it will be difficult for a virus to continue spreading. But that goal will not be reached without the widespread use of the AstraZeneca vaccine, which is less costly and easier to store than many others.

Expel warn that until vaccination rates are high worldwide, the virus remains a threat everywhere.

British birdwatcher are used to bad news. House sparrow numbers have fallen from an estimated 30m to 10m since 1966. Curlews (杓鹬) have become a rare sight, their numbers sharply declining by 50% in 15 years. Cuckoos (布谷鸟), once-frequent visitors from Africa, have decreased by 63% in the south-east in the past two decades. Earlier springs that confuse migrant birds, more efficient farming and the transformation of ruined buildings (good for nesting) into modern homes have all contributed to these woes.

But data released by the British Trust for Ornithology(BTO), a research charity, suggest some are rising. Tracking bird populations by means of regular surveys, the figures give the clearest picture of 49 species across Britain.

Blackcaps (黑顶林莺), small woodland birds native to Germany and eastern Europe, are unwilling to return after their summer short visits: Since 1967 numbers have increased by 177%. The little egret (小白鹭), a white heron-like bird, arrived from continental Europe in 1989 and now numbers over 5,000. Wood pigeons（斑尾林鸽）, once found shyly singing in forests, have bravely moved into cities and suburbs.

Environmental and agricultural changes have helped as well as confused birds. Modern farming techniques allow grain to be planted in the autumn rather than the spring; that helps wood pigeons feed in winter. Warmer winters mean rivers and ponds are less likely to freeze, providing the little egrets with food. James Pearce-Higgins of the BTO says that blackcaps benefit particularly from the increasing popularity of berry bushes in people's gardens.

Birders complain nonetheless. Some of the species booming such as carrion crows(食腐乌鸦) and buzzards (秃鹰), are disliked. And migrant birds that extend their visits may provide competition for some bird natives. They are "muscling in and getting the first claim on breeding sites", says Richard Cowser of the Sussex Ornithological Society. I like their human counterparts（同行）, residents of a small island stricken by global winds, British birds will have to learn to compete.

My age has always been an issue. Not for me, but for everyone else. I was nine at the time. On my first day of high school, my grandparents, and the press insisted on going along. I made them walk four paces behind me, since I didn't want to stand out.

The next morning I was ashamed to learn that the Associated Press picked up a photo of me on tippy toes trying to reach the top of my locker. The words on the photo read: "High school may not be a big stretch for nine-year-old Millicent, but her locker sure is."

In time things calmed down. I had a difficult start, though. It's embarrassing enough being a foot shorter and five years younger than your classmates, but then to have your grandmother cemented to you makes it even worse.

My grandmother, Maddie, and I made an odd couple, but at least it meant I had somebody to talk to while the other kids make it a point to ignore me. There, she was expected to hand me over directly to Gaspar, my late French instructor. We were well into the first week and waiting outside Gaspar's class when someone, I never did figure out who, made a remark of offence using the words "boring", "brainiac" and "Millicent" in the same run-on sentence (连写句).

Believing I was being laughed at, my grandmother warned my classmates that she knew kungfu and was not afraid to use it. To show how serious she was, Maddie did a series of complicated martial arts (武术) moves.

When she was done and the applause gradually stopped  Maddie was still in her leg-split position.

"Get up," I whispered, "Everyone's staring."

"No," she replied, "I appear to be stuck."

By then Gaspar had arrived. He asked several bigger boys to carry my grandmother to the school clinic as she waved goodbye to first-period French.

Imagine that you've just experienced something unpleasant—your friend has forgotten your birthday, you've been rejected for a new job, or you've just woken up after a long holiday and remembered you need to go to work. How would you typically respond to those feelings? You might try to tell yourself that it doesn't matter, and not to let it get to you. This tendency could be described as "mood shame": The belief that having bad feelings is a personal failing.

Continually looking on the bright side of life might seem strong, even courageous. While it's natural that we might prefer to avoid uncomfortable feelings like disappointment, worry, anger, or sadness, recent psychological research supports the idea that they serve useful purposes in our lives. By learning to see that value and accept those feelings without judgement, we may enjoy better physical and mental health.

Consider anxiety. We may assume that anxious feelings destroy our concentration and reduce our performance on difficult tasks—that we can only succeed on an exam or in an interview if we learn to relax. Alternatively, we can see the feeling as a source of energy. Besides, disappointment may feel unpleasant—but you could recognize that the emotion helps us to learn from our mistakes. And by assigning a more positive meaning to the feeling and acknowledging its potential uses—rather than feeling it is somehow unhealthy—you might change the brain and the body's responses to an upset.

Rather than judging yourself harshly for bad feelings, you might lean into that bad mood, and allow yourself the self-care you need to get through it. Without fighting the emotions themselves, you could start to question whether those feelings have value. Perhaps they'll help you to identify an important change you can make in your life.

Write a one-page report titled "The Best Book I Read This Year" and enter it in the Boys' Life 2020 "Say Yes to Reading!" contest.

The book can be fiction or nonfiction. But the report has to be in your own words — 500 words tops. Enter in one of these three age categories:

·8 years old and younger

·9 and 10 years old

·11 years old and older

First-place winners in each age category will receive a $100 gift card from Amazon.com. Second-place winners will receive a $75 gift card; third-place winners, a $50 gift card.

Everyone who enters will get a free patch like the one on this page. The patch is a temporary sign, so it can be worn on the right pocket of the Scout uniform shirt. Proudly display it there or on another item such as a vest, plaque or trophy! In coming years, you'll have the opportunity to earn other patches.

The contest is open to all Boys' Life readers. Be sure to include your name, address, age and grade in school on the entry.

Send your report, along with a business-size, self-addressed, stamped envelope, to:

Boys' Life Reading Contest

S306

P.O. Box 152079

Irving, TX 75015-2079

Entries must be postmarked by Dec. 31, 2020 and must include entry information and a self-addressed, stamped envelope.

Bloomington Parks and Recreation offers an excellent opportunity for teens to get involved and make a difference in their community by volunteering within a variety of summer youth programs. Summer Teen volunteers assist with activities under the guidance of experienced staff and gain valuable leadership skills. In the summer, teens can apply to volunteer in the following programs:

Summer Adventure Playground Program Volunteer

Program Dates: June 14 — August 12

Location (s): Kelly, Poplar Bridge. Running, Smith. Sunrise and Westwood parks

Information: Help facilitate opportunities to play and lead playground participants (in grades 2 – 7) in games, sports, arts and crafts, and make new friendships.

Mini View Volunteer

Program Dates: June 14 — August 6

Location: Valley View Elementary School

Information: Help to assist with the supervision of preschoolers —1st graders in a social occasion.

The View Volunteer

Program Dates: June 14 — August 6

Location: Valley View Elementary School

Information: Help to assist with supervision of 2nd - 5th graders in a social recreational setting.

Camp Kota Junior Counselor

Program Dates: June 14 — August 9

Location: East Bush Lake

Information: Help campers learn basic outdoor skills while meeting new friends, singing crazy songs and having tons of fun.

To apply, fill out a Parks and Recreation 2021 Summer Teen Volunteer Application. Please be sure to answer all questions and indicate all program（s） of interest. Applicants will be contacted via email with next steps a after March 31, 2021. Contact us by phone (952-563-8877) or e-mail at parksiec @ Bloomington MN. gov for more information.

Not even the sea is safe from the glare(强光) of humans' light at night, Researchers published the first global maps of ocean light pollution. It shows large parts of the sea lit up at night. And that risks confusing or disrupting the behaviors of sea life.

Tim Smyth led a team to research where in the water this glow is strongest. Smyth and his colleagues started with a world map of man-made night-sky brightness that had been created in 2016. Then they added data on the ocean and atmosphere. Some data came from shipboard measurements of man-made light in the water. Others came from satellite images that judge how clear the water is. Particles(微粒) in the water, such as tiny floating plants and animals, can affect how far downward light travels. These factors vary from place to place and may change with the seasons. The team also used computers to copy how different wavelengths of light move through water.

Next, they wanted to know how that underwater light might affect animals. Not all species will be easily affected. The team focused on copepods(桡足亚纲甲壳动物) . These common creatures are a key part of many ocean food webs. They use light as a signal to move all together to the dark deep, seeking safety from other surface creatures. Normally they use the sun or the winter moon as their signal. Too much man-made light can mess up their usual patterns.

Light pollution is strongest in about three feet of the water. Here, man-made light can be strong enough to confuse the copepods. Nearly 2 million square kilometers of ocean get such strong night light. That's an area about the size of Mexico. Farther down, the light gets weaker. But even 65 feet deep, it's still bright enough to bother copepods across 840,000 square kilometers of ocean.

The team described its findings December 13 in Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene.

Someone said that encouragement is simply reminding a person of the "shoulders" he's standing on, the heritage he's been given. That's what happened when a young man, the son of a star baseball player was chosen by one of the minor league teams. Hard as he tried, his first season was disappointing, and by mid-season he expected to be released any day.

The coaches were puzzled by his failure because he possessed all the characteristics of a superb athlete, but he seemed to have become disconnected from his potential.

His future seemed darkest one day when he had already struck out his first time at bat. Then he stepped up to the batter's box again and quickly ran up two strikes. The catcher called a time-out and trotted (快步走) to the pitcher's mound for a conference. While they were busy, the judge, standing behind the plate, spoke casually to the boy.

Then play resumed, the next pitch was thrown and the young man knocked it out of the park. That was the turning point. From then on, he-played the game with a new confidence and power that quickly drew the attention of the parent team, and he was called up to the majors.

On the day he was leaving for the city, one of his coaches asked him what had caused such a turnaround. The young man replied it was the encouraging remark the judge had made that day when his baseball career had seemed doomed.

"He told me I reminded him of all the times he had stood behind my dad in the batter's box, the boy explained." He said I was holding the bat just the way Dad had held it. And he told me, I can see his genes in you; you have your father's arms. After that, whenever I swung the bat 1 just imagined I was using Dad's arms instead of my own."