What do the world's most successful people all have in common?

By examining the work habits of over 150 greatest writers and artists and scientists, the researchers including Stanford professor Jeffrey Pfeiffer found that high achievers like Robert Moses turned out to be all alike: 

Busy! Busy!

     In a study of general managers in industry, John Kotter reports that many of them work 60 to 65 hours per week—which translates into at least six 10-hour days. The ability and willingness to work difficult and tiring hours has characterized many powerful figures. Energy and strength provide many advantages to those seeking to build power.

Just Say No!

    The difference between successful people and very successful people is that very successful people say “no” to almost everything. And that's what gives them the time to accomplish so much. And focus means saying “no” to a lot of distractions (分神).

    Ignore your weaknesses and keep improving your strengths. Don't waste time exploring skill areas where you have little competence. Instead, focus on—and build on—your strengths. This means knowing who you are, what you are and what you are good at.

Create Good Luck！

     There's a science to it. Richard Wiseman studies lucky people for his book Luck Factor, and breaks down what they do right. Certain personality types are luckier because they behave in a way that offers the chance for good opportunities. By being more outgoing, open to new ideas, following the feeling that something is true, and being optimistic, lucky people create possibilities.

    Does applying these principles to your life actually work? Wiseman created a “luck school” to test the ideas—and it was a success. In total, 80 percent of the people who attended Luck School said that their luck had increased.

A. Spend enough time to improve your weakness.

B. Achievement requires focus.

C. On average, these people reported that their luck had increased by more than 40 percent.

D. They never stop working and they never lose a minute.

E. Busy people are more likely to be lucky.

F. Know What You Are!

G. Luck isn't magical.

    Natural sites and historic buildings,when left alone,can slowly be in bad condition.For these reasons we must protect them.

    “World Heritage" is the title given to places chosen from natural sites and buildings around the world. These places are considered special,valuable and require protection. They may be places of nature or cultural heritages that are the pride of the people in the country Each is a treasure of our planet that must be protected for us and our future generations.

    Even extremely beautiful natural environments can be in bad condition if they are left aloneFor instance,the Galapagos Islands are now protected by rules that stop people from bringing or removing plants and animals to or from the islands, moving rocks and touching the animals. In the US,people are not allowed to visit Grand Canyon National Park by vehicle. It aims to protect the park's environment from the gas produced by cars Australia is making stricter laws to prevent agricultural chemicals from flowing into the ocean near the Great Barrier Reef. Efforts are also being made to protect Natural Heritage sites in Japan. In Shiretoko,only a small number of people are allowed to walk on its nature path at the same time

A. They may also be home to endangered species（物种）．

B. Today there are 183 Natural Heritage sites around the world.

C. People can change these places too,just as the wind and rain can.

D. Natural Heritage is valued for geographical characteristics and beautiful scenery.

E. That's why measures are being taken around the world to protect them.

F. It can reduce the risk of people accidentally stepping on valuable plants.

G. There are even security guards there who can arrest people that break the rules.

                                                                                             Everyday life in Britain

The weather is the most common topic in Britain. . Because in Britain the weather changes a lot. Wind, rain, sun, cloud, snow— they can all happen in Britain.

At banks, cinemas, shops, bus stops you can always see people in queues. They stand and wait quietly, often for a long time. Each new person stands at the end of the queue—- sometimes in rain, wind or snow. They never complain and they will get quite upset when someone jumps the queue.

    Men always shake hands when they meet. They shook hands to show that they didn't have a sword(剑). Now shaking hands is a customer most countries. In Britain you don't shake hands with your friends or family members. But you do shake hands when you meet a person for the first time.

     And they always send birthday cards or presents. There are also other cards like Christmas cards, good luck cards, congratulations on your new baby cards and get well soon cards. They have everything for every important moment.

    British people are very superstitious (迷信的). They believe in all sorts of signs they see. For them black cats are lucky.  The more leaves you catch the more lucky you will be. On the contrary, never open an umbrella in the house and never break a mirror because they mean seven years of bad luck.

A. Shopping is another common topic in Britain. 

B. Another common thing is Britain is queuing.

C. Hundreds of years ago, soldiers began this custom. 

D. In autumn if you catch falling leaves you are lucky.

E. Why do the British talk about the weather so often?

F. They also pay attention to tiny details like your birthday.

G. Never walk under a ladder, and don't walk past somebody on the stairs.

    Some people are naturally better than others at social activities. There are the lucky few that draw people to them without any effort. Put yourself at ease and remember these tips:

    Smile! A smile is understood in any culture and any age as a sign of friendship. So go ahead! It will put the other person at ease. You will seem approachable and happy.

    Make eye contact. Good eye contact engages the other person to you. When you are introduced to someone, shake their hands and repeat their names. Making eye contact shows you have confidence and shows you are interested in the other person.

    Having a trusted friend next to you makes it less frightening to walk into a room full of people. But remember that even if you walk in as a pair, it doesn't mean you just stick together the whole time. The point in a social gathering is you make friends with other people.

    Go to social settings with a shared interest. For example joining an art class automatically puts you in a setting with other people you already have a common interest in.

A.Go with friends.

B.Ask the other person questions.

C.That will help you remember their names.

D.This is the worst impression to make in any setting.

E.It will let the other person know that you are safe to talk to.

F.But for most of us, we feel shy and awkward in social activities.

G.You now have something to talk about and work it from there.

Four Ways to Give Truly Meaningful Gifts

    Buying someone you love a gift that expresses your truest feelings isn't always easy. But when you get it right, the joy they show is worth it.

    Listen up.

    While you may think it's a great idea to surprise someone by giving them something you think is meaningful, it's best to get them exactly what they have told you. For example, you heard friends say they wanted the newest bike but you bought them a gym membership instead.  So get them what they've specially asked for.

    In the spirit of showing love, we might go big. However, we may not be thinking of what really makes the person happy. You might think buying your father the latest TV is perfect, but then when you get it home, it lights up the living room like a stadium and is totally wrong for the space. So think smart.

    Keep it open.

    Many of us may consider giving cash impersonal （没人情味的）. But this may save you some concern. The receiver can be allowed to choose whatever they want. In a recent survey of over 7,000 Black Friday shoppers, 39 percent said the receiver they were shopping for was “picky （挑剔）”.

    Create an experience.

    Visit websites where you can get the latest tickets for a play, buy a surf lesson, or even something unexpected like a flight lesson.  For example, if your kids are into NASCAR, just imagine the look on their faces when you score them a ride at a race car driving school. So give them a time that they will remember to heart.

A. Ignore the size.

B. Go for something big.

C. Well, that was the wrong move.

D .If possible, cut down the cost of the gifts.

E. These are things that can create a lasting memory.

F. Here's how to discover a gift your receiver will love.

G. So save yourself the second guess and give cash instead.

Learn to Manage Your Time in College

    A common view both among and of college students is that they are always short on money. While this may be true, many college students are also always running short on something else: time.  Here are a few things to consider:

    Manage your academic time.Consequently, your academic work should always come first when it comes to arranging your time in order of importance. When looking at your schedule for the week, figure out what your academic commitments look like. What time do you have classes? How much homework do you have to do? What assignments are due? When do you have major exams or quizzes?

    Manage your personal time. It's an unrealistic expectation to think that you can study, go to class, and work all day, every day.Make sure to allow yourself time to go to something fun in the yard, attend a meeting for your favorite club, and just hang out for an hour or so at night with friends over dinner. Doing things that make your personal time more enjoyable and not totally focused on school? can actually improve your productivity when working on projects later.

    Keep your health in mind. When people's schedules are tight, one of the first things to go is sleep. While it may be common among college students, a lack of sleep is more hurtful than you might think. It can throw everything into disorder: your mental health, your physical health, your stress level, and, of course, your schedule.

    Use your technology. Nothing helps a college student stay organized more than a good calendar! Some students use the calendars on their phones; others use things like Google Calendar; others still use the classic paper-calendar model.Just change and try again.

A. Try your best to keep a routine on a regular basis.

B. Remember that your brain needs to have a break, too.

C. If what you're using isn't working for you, don't give up.

D. How can you balance your time when there never seems to be enough of it?

E. It's important to remember why you're in college in the first place: to graduate.

F. Making a list and then crossing items off as they are completed can be satisfying.

G. Take moments to plan out the time for a week: your homework, social time and sleep.

Make Stress Work for You

    Stress can come from all directions.  Rather than only looking for ways to change the stress-filled situations, look for stress that can work for you. These methods are suggestions to make stress work in your favor.

     Colors of the walls, floor coverings, and furniture can reduce stress. Cooling greens and blues are positive colors that can reduce stress and create a sense of well-being.

    Choose friends carefully. Your choice of friends can be the key to stress reduction. Friends should be people who help us to increase our strengths and create solutions to stressful situations.

    Stop and look at yourself. Take time to recognize signs of stress like anger, work and sleep habits. As you become aware of these signs, you are beginning to identify how to make stress work.

     We can accept what we cannot change by changing what we can make choices that are realistic, not out of reach.

    Don't say yes to everything. Recognize what your strengths are and focus on taking the time to do a project built on them. Taking on too many projects results in loss of control and creates stress.

    Maintain a sense of humor.  And laughing creates less wrinkles (皱纹) than worrying.

A. We live in a stress-filled world.

B. Leave time for the unexpected.

C. Accept what cannot be changed.

D. Create environments that reduce stress.

E. They support us and make us feel that we are not alone.

F. Laughing at oneself can release potential stress from the inside.

G. When you come across a difficult situation, stop and think of how to use it to make things better.

    Is there anything more important than health? I don't think so. "Health is the greatest wealth (财富)," wise people say.

    If you have a headache, toothache, backache, earache or bad pain in the stomach, if you complain of a bad cough, if you run a high temperature and have a bad cold, or if you suffer from high or low blood pressure, I think you should go to the doctor.

    The doctor will examine your throat, feel your pulse, test your blood pressure, take your temperature, sound your heart and lungs, test your eyes, check your teeth or have your chest X－rayed. The only thing you have to do is follow his advice.

    An old gentleman came to see the doctor. The man was very ill. He told the doctor about his weakness, memory loss and serious problems with his heart and lungs. The doctor examined him and said there was no medicine for his disease. He told his patient to go to a quiet place for a month and have a good rest. In other words, the doctor advised him to follow the rule: "Eat at pleasure, drink with measure and enjoy life as it is." The doctor also said that if the man wanted to be well again, he shouldn't smoke more than one cigarette a day.

    A month later the gentleman came into the doctor's office. He thanked the doctor and said that he had never felt a healthier man.

    "But you know, doctor," he said, "it's not easy to begin smoking at my age."

    If something that you're doing doesn't challenge you, then it doesn't change you. We all need some normal stress in our lives, after all.  So challenge the following limits:

    ⒈Figure out what you're scared of and do it continuously.

    If you're a salesman, and you're scared of talking to people personally or over the phone now, instead of being scared and thinking you'll fail, spend at least five minutes a day to pick up the phone and make a call.  But don't stop on the first try! Eventually, you can look at fear in the eye and say, "Go on. I'm not scared!"

    ⒉Take a class for a hobby you've been wanting to develop

    Make sure this hobby is not linked to your career; you have to relax and relieve your stress while performing this. Apart from helping you challenge yourself, taking a class for your hobby may also give you extra income.

    ⒊Set aside at least nine minutes a day for physical exercise.

    A simple 9-minute run around your neighborhood can do wonders for yourself. Exercise can not only help you maintain your regular weight  but also make you feel better about yourself.

    ⒋Travel and allow yourself to be interested in new people.

    Don't just limit yourself to your fellow travelers­try to connect with the service staff. You never know what kind of people they're going to be. Get out of your house or go online right now to book your class.

A. You should do it continuously.

B. Someone may hang up on you.

C. You don't need to go to the gym.

D. Running in the gym may be a better choice.

E. Start to travel now and learn to challenge yourself.

F. Some examples might be cooking, sewing, painting and so on.

G. You can never see any improvement if you stick to your comfort zone.

    Earthquakes are among the most destructive (破坏性的)natural disasters. It can strike without warning. The earthquake safety tips below will increase your chances of surviving an earthquake.

    If you are indoors, stay there. Quickly move to a safe location in the room such as under a strong desk or a strong table. You can also get to a corner formed by two walls with your arms over your head. Avoid taking cover near windows, large mirrors, or hanging objects.

     Don't take shelter under a tree, street lights, electric poles or tall buildings. Run to open spaces and move away from the nearby buildings to avoid anything falling on you. Remember that most of the people who die in earthquakes are killed by falling buildings, broken glass and flying objects.

    If you are driving, slow down smoothly and stop on the side of the road. You should also avoid stopping on or under bridges. Stay in your car.

    If you are in the event of getting trapped in ruins during an earthquake, don't panic. Instead, cover your mouth with a piece of clothing. Use your cellphone to call for help if possible. Don't shout. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dust.

    Be prepared for aftershocks. They can happen in the first hours after the earthquake. Therefore, if you are not in a safe place after the first shock, you should move quickly but carefully to a safer place.

A. Try to move about or kick up dust.

B. This can protect you from falling objects.

C. If you are outdoors, move to the nearby buildings.

D. However, sometimes they even happen months later.

E. Avoid stopping under power lines, trees and large signs.

F. If you happen to be outside during an earthquake, move to an open area.

G. Try to gain the attention of the rescuers by tapping on a nearby wall or pipe.

    The relationship between parents and teachers is important in the development of a child. The good communication between them is communication that says, "I care about my child, and I value school." The best way a parent can show how much he or she values learning is by sending a prepared child to school every day.  Once a child gets behind in class, catching up can be difficult.

    Parents and teachers are partners in student development. A school community is built on relationships established (建立) among children, teachers, and children's families.

    Here are tips for creating a positive relationship with your child's teacher.

    Meet with your child's teacher in the fall.  —his or her special needs, outside activities, health, and home study habits.

    Look for the positive.  Share with your child's teacher something you particularly appreciated regarding the teacher something you particularly appreciated regarding the teacher's role in the academic and /or social development of your child.

    Let the teacher know that you want to support the work that is being done in class. Ask for suggestions for expanding school activities into home activities.

     You can send a note of thanks when something special takes place in the classroom and your child is involved.

Be willing to participate in or set up a conference when you or your child's teacher feels a special meeting is needed, such as:

    Your child seems to be deeply upset about something that happened at school.

A. When a child is absent from school, important lessons may be missed.

B. Phone your child's teacher if necessary.

C. The teachers need to feel appreciated for the job they do.

D. This is a good time for the teacher to learn more about your child.

E. Express your appreciation to the teacher.

F. The beginning of every term is very important.

G. There is an obvious drop in your child's grades.

How to Avoid Distractions

Nowadays, it can be tougher than ever to focus without getting distracted. Many of the thoughts, behaviors and devices that play an important role in daily life turn out to be distractions. Here are some tips on how to avoid distractions.

Create a distraction-free environment.

Shut off your phone and other electronic equipment. Before you dive into working, cleaning, writing or whatever else you need to do, turn off or silence your cell phone and anything else that might prove to be distraction. This includes the TV, video games, etc.

Find out where you work best.

Pick a place where you can work comfortably for long periods of time. This could be a small corner desk, a well-lit sunroom or your favorite coffee shop. The point is to surround yourself with an atmosphere that makes completing tasks easier.  For example, trying to work in a quiet bedroom may just make you sleepy.

Make sure you won't be interrupted.

When you have big projects that demand focus, stay in a quiet place. If you work in an office, for instance, shutting the door can relay the message that you'd better not be bothered.  However, you should at least be able to single out which interactions are necessary and which aren't.

Focus with intention.

 Many people never truly learn how to stay focused and find it difficult to keep their minds from wandering. Try to shut off your own mental distractions so that you can concentrate on checking items off your to-do list.

Most people are only able to stay focused for a few hours a day, so be sure that you're making the best use of that time. If you're a morning person, wake up and get busy as early as you can. Night owls can divide their tasks up between regular working hours and free time after everyone else has gone to bed.

A. Do the most important work first.

B. Set aside specific time to work.

C. You have to remind yourself to actively focus sometimes.

D. Technology may be the biggest distraction in modern society.

E. Be careful of surroundings that can dull your focus in other ways.

F. This may not always be possible if you share a space with coworkers.

G. An ideal working environment is one where you can work most effectively.

It can be difficult to start a hobby. You may not know where to begin or you may have come across one that requires costly equipment.To find a low-cost hobby, pick something that is interesting to you, doesn't require a lot of materials, and is available to you in your area.

Begin a collection. Many different collections can be started with little or no cost. Look for rocks, plant leaves and flowers, or insects you can preserve and keep. Another way is to begin to collect an object in your house, such as saving bottle-caps.

 Youtube contains quantities of music you can listen to for free. Besides, you can discover music you like by using online radio stations or services including Pandora and Spotify. By exposing yourself to new music, you can turn music into a relaxing hobby without having to buy albums.

Learn a game. Games are similar to sports and often benefit from being shared in the community (团体). Game groups will often supply board games at no cost to you. In addition, libraries and schools may have video game groups for children and adults. You can also play a wide variety of free online games with people around you.

If these things fail to attract you, ask experts about how to begin. Find hobbyists and ask those who are experienced in your potential hobby for the minimum cost of materials you need to start.You'll be surprised that you don't need as much equipment as you imagined.

A. Listen to music.

B. One way to do this is to go outside.

C. Ask yourself what your favorite music is.

D. How and where to find one collection is up to you.

E. Use the site meetup.com to see what groups are in your area.

F. The truth is that many hobbies can be started without much money.

G. This will help you judge whether or not a hobby fits into your budget.

Social media can be defined (解释) as web-based and mobile media that are used for people to interact, connect and communicate with each other. It often involves the creation and sharing of content (writing, pictures, and video) that people make themselves, mostly through the Internet.

 The first type involve people getting together to work on a project, for example, Wikipedia. Blogs and micro-blogs (such as Twitter) are another type of social media. There are other websites like YouTube that allow people to share content such as pictures, articles or videos. Another type of social media are social networking sites. Facebook is an example of this type. Many people like to play games on the Internet and, yes, there are social media games as well. These games allow gamers to interact with each other and play with or against other gamers. World of Warcraft is a good example. The final type of social media is websites like Second Life, where people can create avatars (化身) and use and create objects, as if they were in the real world.

 With social media, many individual people in different places create content. Another difference is that people who produce content in social media don't need very special skills.. It takes only a few minutes to write a twitter post, for example.

. But whatever you might think, social media is here to stay.

A. These sites allow people to stay in touch with friends, make new ones and join communities.

B. Social media are different from traditional media.

C. And social media content can be produced much faster.

D. In general, there are six different types of social media.

E. Social media is one of the fastest-growing industries in today's world.

F. In traditional media, people need special skills to produce something.

G. Some people think social media is good and some think it is bad.

Some people swear that they cannot function until they have coffee flowing through their system in the mornings. It is the reason why there are Starbucks everywhere in the world.  . Read on to see why replacing your morning cup of coffee with tea can provide numerous health-related benefits.

You'll trim your waistline

One of the benefits of drinking green tea is that it can help you lose weight by making fat cells smaller and speeding up muscle cells. It also contributes to a slimmer waistline by speeding up your metabolism（新陈代谢）．A study once proved daily green tea consumption over 12 weeks helped individuals lose weight. , especially if you are used to drinking your coffee with creamer.

You will boost your mood

. Tea, on the other hand, helps you remain calm with herbs. Drinking a cup of tea before a stressful day at the office will help relieve any exhausted nerves and thus increase your overall performance.

You will have a stronger immune system

Tea can help boost your immune system, especially green tea. Buying teas can also provide an extra layer of protection against germs.

You will not be as dependent

, which explains why you can experience headaches if you stop drinking it. Tea on the other hand is n í habit forming, but still has a bit of caffeine in it that can give you a head start in the morning. Try a black or green tea to wake your body up first thing in the morning.

A. Tea also has far less calories

B. Coffee has an addictive nature to it

C. Adding tea into your routine promotes dental health

D. Teas are a perfect solution to making you more energetic

E. Though coffee is popular, a cup of tea can have greater benefits

F. Swapping your daily coffee for tea will help prevent colds and flus

G. Coffee is associated with an energy loss that can make you nervous

Pick up Your Game

A youth soccer coach, Hugo Grajeda, director of Pro Youth Soccer Academy in Chester, New York, shares some tips to help you improve your soccer skills.

Start with basic drills. "Go outdoors, get a ball and keep it close to your feet," Grajeda says. " If you have a backyard, work on shooting. "

"It's a good way of building skills without having the pressure of games. Choose a camp that emphasizes building skills and go to one of those. There are plenty of camps that begin right after school ends. "

Don't forget to stretch.  Then do a series of stretches to loosen up your muscles. Don't forget to take a drink of water before you even step on the field. "Water is important, especially in summer," Grajeda says.

Watch the World Cup. Grajeda will be telling his athletes to watch as many games as they can.  Then, you should try to bring some of their moves into your own game. "Pick up something that you like and practice it, " Grajeda says.

Keep practicing. Practice may not seem like the most fun part of playing soccer.  Look for ways to make practice fun by adding some competition to simple drills, and don't be discouraged if it takes time to master new skills. "If someone were struggling to improve, I would tell them to keep practicing, keep trying. Practice makes perfect. "

A. Sign up for a soccer camp.

B. Reduce the pressure of games.

C. Study how the best players move with the ball.

D. A game is sometimes used as an educational tool.

E. However, it's the best way to develop good techniques.

F. That will help improve your ability to run with the ball close to you.

G. Before each game or practice, start with a proper ten­minute warm­up.

Many companies today hold meetings to discuss their new plans. As people are paying more attention to the environment problems, more companies are looking for ways to reduce their bad influence on the environment. Many of them achieve this by using a web meeting.

 It's an easy way of hosting and attending a meeting. Participants (与会者) don't have to leave the office. Each of them will receive an invitation with the meeting time and date on it. When the meeting is ready to begin, they must sit before their computers.

With a web meeting, all participants can attend the meeting at their own desks.  As a result, no fuel (燃料) is used and less time is taken up in attending a web meeting.

Materials for the meeting are e-mailed to all the participants before it begins.  For the company, this not only saves the use of paper but also greatly reduces the mailing cost.

As a meeting hall is not used, the only power for a web meeting is the power that is used by the computers. Besides, organisers don't have to pay for food and accommodation (住宿) for the participants. .

In a word, a web meeting is a cheaper, greener, and more friendly way of hosting and attending a meeting.  So they can more easily find their working partners who have the same green ideas. In return, they develop good relationship with other companies and improve their business.

A. The web meeting is a technology that allows people to communicate better over the Internet.

B. All these mean that less energy is used.

C. Then participants can just read them on the screen.

D. Companies that hold web meetings are willing to work hard for a better environment.

E. They can be printed by the receivers.

F. They don't need to drive a car to travel to and from the meeting.

G. Web meetings are quite popular now.

Are you sitting more than ever? You're probably sitting while reading this. Sometimes you sit when you are driving or attending a meeting. Other times you sit when you engage yourself in watching a movie or playing computer games. That's undoubtedly a lot of sitting. The fact is, the amount of time spent sitting has increased over time.

We know sitting too much is bad, and most of us naturally feel a little guilty after a long-time TV watching. A study on nearly 8,000 adults suggests that there's a direct relationship between the time spent sitting and our risk of early death of any cause. As the total sitting time increases, so does the risk of early death.

"Sit less, move more" is what the Heart Association encourages us to do. It is like telling someone to just "exercise" without telling them how. Exercise guidelines are always more practical. For example, the Center for Disease Control recommends adults do exercise for two hours and 30 minutes every week, plus muscle strengthening activities two or more days a week. We need similar guidelines for sitting.

"It would probably be like, for every 30 continuous minutes of sitting, stand up and move or walk for five minutes at a quick pace," Diaz, the lead researcher said, adding that the study has put us a step closer to the satisfying guidelines. But more researches are needed to confirm their approach.

A. Now it's time to get up and move around.

B. Take a moment to think about your sitting activities.

C. Health experts also suggest exercising on a daily basis.

D. But this guideline is just too simple and abstract to make a difference.

E. As of today, average adult will spend 56-86% of their daily time sitting.

F. But what exactly goes wrong when we park ourselves for nearly eight hours per day?

G. To make up for the weakness, a research team is working on a more specific guideline.

You've decided your child is spoiled（宠坏的），and you want to do something about it. Is it too late? Not necessarily.  Here are four tips from an expert for getting your child to behave well.

 You've spoiled your child by giving him or her too much for too little. You can correct this by helping your child to learn to work harder for rewards and understand that not all good behavior is rewarded. For example, at first, insist that your daughter put a few toys away before she gets a snack, and gradually increase the amount of work required for each reward.

Don't overreact to crying. When children don't get what they want, their natural behavior is to cry. If you react every time your child cries, you may be denying（拒绝给予） him or her an important chance to learn something.

Prepare for a fight. At the beginning, children's demands will increase when they find out parents are not going to give them the new toys they want. When it happens, be careful not to give in just because the child shouts.   

Stick to the program.  That' s not necessarily a bad thing. It means the requirements are getting stricter and that your child is accepting changes. Remember： Give it time, and don't give up.

A. Make changes slowly.

B. Cut down on rewards.

C. Try your best to comfort the child.

D. Rather, wait until the child calms down.

E. Your child will probably be upset when you begin making changes.

F. There is little doubt that things will get worse before they get better.

G.As a parent, you need to know when to comfort a child and when to simply walk away.

Habits for a healthy lifestyle

As teenagers grow up, they become more independent and start making their own decisions. However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits, such as tobacco or alcohol abuse. To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating teenagers^, life is essential. .

We are what we repeatedly do. In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made.  According to modem psychology, we must first learn about the "habit cycle":  Firstly, there is a "cue"(触发因素), an action, event, or situation that acts as a signal to do something. Secondly, there is a "routine ", the regular action you take in response to the cue. Thirdly, there is the "reward", the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. For example, when feeling unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine), which makes us feel happy (reward).  Gradually, the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed.

To reach a positive change in our bad habits is also possible.  We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas. Aside from changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits. For example, when we come to an escalator (cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead.

Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away, we often become pessimistic and give up.  To reach the goal of change, a person must show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps. After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.

A. However, there exists some "magic pill" that will help you.

B. However, we can change if we understand how habits work.

C. The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle.

D. We must refer to all sorts of information about different snacks.

E. We must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to improve them.

F. They must learn to recognize bad habits early and make appropriate changes.

G. In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but over a period of time.