文字式议论文 知识点题库
据报道，在我国仍有很多山区的孩子因为家庭贫穷而上不起学。你们班就如何帮助这些孩子上学进行了讨论。假如你是李华，请你把你们的建议写成一封信寄给Teens，希望他们能够呼吁更多的人参与这项活动。
内容要点：
1 收集旧课本和衣服；
2 呼吁更多人帮助他们；
3 你的建议, 至少一条。
注意：1词数100左右；2 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Editor,
I'm a senior high school student.
根据下面提示，以Healthy Diet为题写一篇100词左右的短文。
1). 健康饮食的重要性。
(1.) 有助于保持健康与正常体重；
(2.) 有助于保持体力，精力充沛地进行学习与劳动；
(3.) 有助于提高生活质量。
2). 什么是健康饮食？
(1.) 合理的饮食结构；
(2.) 绿色蔬菜与水果；
(3.) 愉快的心情、适量的体育锻炼与健康的饮食同等重要。
注意：1).词数100左右；
2).短文必须包括以上所有要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Healthy Diet
It's of great importance for everyone to form a good habit of healthy diet.
要求：1）.不要逐字翻译所给素材；
2）．为了使行文流畅，可适当发挥；
3）．词数120左右。
Is it Wise to Celebrate the Lantern Festival with Fireworks?
……
Dear Luck,
……
Sincerely
Dr Clark
In campus violence cases in Beijing during the last five years, 14 percent of the offenders not only beat others, but also insulted(侮辱)them. They slapped(打耳光)others, made them kneel down, and in some cases took off other peoples clothes.
Violence at schools has been widely reported in media in recent years—the violence among teenagers has drawn public and government attention. On Nov 11, the Ministry of education, along with eight other central sectors, published a guideline on dealing with school violence.
The guideline stressed that students with serious behavioral problems should be handed over to special schools. Or, in more serious cases, they may take criminal responsibility and be sent to prison.
“The common tolerant attitude toward violence should be changed,” wrote Jiaxing Daily. “When teenagers do something wrong, we should tolerate and help them when necessary. But all of this has a limit.”
[写作内容]
( 1 )以约30个词概括上文的内容要点；
( 2 )然后以约120个词写作以下相关内容：
1)校园暴力存在且越来越严重的原因（至少两点）；
2)你认为如何应对校园暴力（至少两点）；
[写作要求]
( 1 )不得直接引用原文中的句子；
( 2 )文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
[评分标准]
概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。
When we read newspapers, we often come across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK.” When we watch TV, we frequently hear words like “NBA” or “PM2.5.” When we speak, we automatically use words like “OUT” or “Bye-bye.” English words and expressions like these are getting popular. They have already become part of our daily language. And 239 English words have been included in the latest Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese.
The inclusion has started a heated discussion. A group of scholars signed a letter of complaint over the inclusion of these English words, which, they think, goes against Chinese language policies. They not only worry that Chinese is borrowing an increasing number of English words but are also concerned that the inclusion may hurt the dignity of the Chinese language. However, others are in favor of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language. They believe the selection is mostly a result of their function and use in daily life.
[写作内容]
1）用约30个单词写出上文概要;
2）用约120个单词发表你的观点,
内容包括: (1)支持或反对汉语词典收录英语词汇; (2)用2- 3个理由或论据支撑你的观点。
[写作要求]
1）可以支持文中任一观点,但必须提供理由或论据;
2）阐述观点或提供论据时,不能直接引用原文语句;
3）作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;
4）不必写标题。
[评分标准] 内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。
Dos | Don'ts |
⒈待人礼貌友好 | ⒈避免不恰当的言行 |
⒉有责任感 | ⒉不忘履行自己的职责 |
⒊介绍中国和江苏历史和传统文化 | ⒊不损害城市形象 |
如果我成为志愿者，我会全心全意为运动员服务，使其挑战极限成为可能，祝愿此次青奥会成功，彰显其往日的荣光。 | |
注意：1）对所给要点，不要简单翻译，要有适当的发挥。
2）词数120左右。短文已写好的部分不计入总词数。
Dos and Don'ts for the 2014 Youth Olympic Volunteers
It is reported that more than 10,000 people will be chosen as volunteers for the 2014 Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing，Jiangsu Province. What should the volunteers do and what should they not do?
1)陈述现象；
2)说明此现象的原因(至少2点）；
3)你个人的看法和选择。
注意： 1)词数100左右； 2)行文连贯，语篇完整； 3)文中不得透露个人真实信息。
参考词汇：外卖店，外卖餐馆take-out restaurant
内容要点：
1）诚实：谎言会使朋友远离我们；
2）倾听：理解朋友的心声；
3）虚心：如果在朋友面前骄傲， 就会失去朋友的尊敬；
4）无私：在朋友有困难时帮助朋友。
注意：1）词数120左右；
2）适当发挥想象， 增加细节以使行文连贯，但不要逐字翻译。
Advantages | Disadvantages |
1）良好的语言环境，更利于语言学习。 2）拓宽视野，学习国外先进的科学技术。 3）传播各民族间的不同文化。 | 1）年纪小，缺乏生活经验，自立能力差。 2）情感孤独，思乡。 3）生活学习费用高。 |
注意:1）第一句已为你写好，不计入总词数；
2）词数110左右；
3）参考词汇:媒介，中间人mediator
In recent years, studying abroad has been popular.
Online Pharmacy (药店): A Foreseeable Trend
Online pharmacies may replace corner drugstores in the future, which would be of benefit to all of us. Sadly, current Federal Drug Administration (FDA) restrictions prevent many Americans from gaining access to the medicines they require online. Fortunately, online pharmacies offer these drugs and provide patients with more treatment options at lower prices. Those calling for the restrictions are wrong. Online pharmacies are crucial to numerous people.
While some drugs sold online aren't FDA-approved, customers shouldn't be prevented from buying them. Many of the herbal remedy (草药) online pharmacies offer have been used for hundreds of years, especially in Asian countries, and they have strong safety records. Other medicines may come from foreign countries, but they aren't harming the people who use them in their own countries. Take depression pills as an example. It has been used safely for many years in France and other European countries, yet it's just now being tested in the U.S.
Nowadays, just getting in to see a doctor seems to take forever, not to mention the time and money to get tests done and await the results. Thanks to the Internet, customers now know more about available medicines than ever before and are therefore able to take them without having to consult a doctor. The Internet, after all, is filled with information about all kinds of drugs. Much of it has even been written by doctors and pharmaceutical companies themselves.
Another issue to consider is money. Health care costs in America are rising every year, and pharmaceutical companies are making billions. Online pharmacies typically sell their drugs at lower prices than hospital pharmacies and corner drugstores. Consumers shouldn't be blamed for seeking cheaper alternatives and refusing to line the pockets of already wealthy companies and stores.
1）高中生应该在学校使用智能手机；
2）高中生不应该在学校使用智能手机。
注意：1）词数80左右
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
⒈高中不但是我们上课的地方，也是我们度过青春期 (adolescence)的地方。
⒉上高中英语课是我们所有人重要的也是必不可少的经历。开始时同学们很害怕课堂上讲英语，因为我们觉得用英语表达自己的观点很有挑战性。
⒊老师告诉我们提高英语的最好办法是充分利用机会多说，这给了我们很多鼓励。老师也要求我们大声朗读课文。
⒋ 众所周知，培养对学科的兴趣和学习功课同样重要。
⒌如果我们在学校尽了最大努力，当我们成年后回顾这段时期就会感到很满意。
【写作要求】
⒈利用U1所学到的词汇及知识点；
⒉不要逐句翻译；
⒊合理分段，使用适当的衔接词；
⒋词数120左右。
Researchers have found that learning two languages can greatly improve our mental development. For example, researches show us that bilingual experience helps us to rapidly make sense of information.
When given a task where children have to focus on one thing and ignore distracting information, bilingual children have shown themselves to the task. When they are asked to change their focus elsewhere, bilingual children also do this more effectively.
Focusing and changing attention are important abilities that go beyond bilingualism: This ability helps us to rapidly learn and progress information and function well in school and other learning environments.
【写作内容】
1）用约30个单词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2）用约120个单词简要介绍学习第二语言的好处（至少两点）。
【写作要求】
1）写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2）作文中不能岀现真实姓名和学校名称；
3）不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
Many of us feel that there simply aren't enough hours in the day, and when we have school work and social life to handle, it can make finding spare time even harder. Yet no matter how busy our daily schedules are, with some tips, all of us would be able to get back some precious time.
It's tricky (难办的) managing time if you feel upset by the amount of things that need doing. In order to take control of your lives, write down all the things you need to do, and then prioritise (以优先顺序排列) them. Try to set realistic goals of when you might achieve them. Start with small, even if it's just simple jobs that you want to finish at first. Besides, you should consider writing down appointments that you have or events that you need to go to, so you can have a full understanding of what you are doing at what time. This will also help avoid getting yourself double-booked, which can lead to even less spare time.
Whether you're looking to gain some extra time at home or school, one of the biggest offenders for taking advantage of those precious minutes of the day is the distraction. You should try to avoid spending too much time talking on the phone or staying online until you have achieved what you have set out to achieve. If you need to get back to people or reply to texts or calls, schedule them for a specific time of the day.
Last but not least, figuring out the times of day when your energy is at its peak (最高点) can help you become more productive and get things done more quickly — giving you more free time to do the things that you enjoy most. You can also increase energy levels by getting enough sleep, eating healthily and taking exercise.
Students who have used electronic cigarettes by the time they start ninth grade are more likely than others to start smoking traditional cigarettes and other tobacco products within the next year, according to a new study funded by the National Institutes of Health. Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, deliver nicotine to the lungs by heating a liquid solution that contains nicotine and other chemicals to produce a spray that the user takes in.
As part of a survey of substance use and mental health among high school students in Los Angeles, the study compared the start of tobacco use among 222 students who had used e- cigarettes, but not any other tobacco products, and 2,308 who had neither used e-cigarettes or any other tobacco products when initially surveyed at the start of ninth grade. The 2,530 students who initially reported never using tobacco underwent follow-up assessments after six and 12 months. Students were asked about lifetime and past six-month use of e-cigarettes or any other forms of tobacco products.
During the first six months after being surveyed, 30.7 percent of those who had used e- cigarettes started using tobacco products, such as cigarettes, and cigars, compared to only 8.1 percent of those who had never used e-cigarettes. Over the following six months leading into the start of 10th grade, 25.2 percent of e-cigarette users had used tobacco products, compared to just 9.3 percent of nonusers.
"While teen tobacco use has fallen in recent years, this study confirms that we should continue to closely watch teen smoking patterns," said NIDA Director Nora D. Volkow, M.D. "Parents and teens should recognize that although e-cigarettes might not have the same harmful effects of regular cigarettes, they do carry a risk of addiction."
"Recreational e-cigarette use is becoming increasingly popular among teens who have never smoked tobacco," said Adam M. Leventhal, Ph.D., the first author on the study. "While we cannot conclude that e-cigarette use directly leads to smoking, this research raises concerns that recent increases in youth e-cigarette use could ultimately lead to the spread of smoking- related illness."
First Offer: Take It or Keep Waiting
Anyone who has searched for a job fresh out of college knows how difficult it is to get that first job. And if you're very lucky, eventually there's a job offer on the table. Should you grasp it, or wait for something better to come along the way?
It depends on whether you are a "maximizer" or a "satisficer". Simply put, satisficers are more likely to cut their job search short and take the first job offer. Maximizers are more likely to continue searching until a better job offer comes along. Which type of approach yields the better payoff? A maximizer. Specifically, quoting the results of a study of the job search of 548 members of a school, the maximizers put themselves through more difficulties in the job hunt. They applied to twenty jobs, on average, while satisficers applied to only ten, and they were significantly more likely to make use of outside sources of information and support. But it turned out to be worth it: the job offers they got were significantly better, in terms of salary, than what the satisficers got.
Satisficers were offered jobs with an average starting salary of $37, 085; the average starting salary offered to maximizers was $44, 515, more than 20 percent higher. The trouble is, however, that higher pay doesn't make maximizers a happier group than satisficers. In fact, maximizers were significantly more likely than satisficers to be unhappy with the offers they accepted.
Evidently, being a maximizer can help you earn more income, but that income doesn't buy more happiness, as the maximizer's likely to worry about the prospect of a better job offer out there he or she missed. Maximizers may have objectively superior outcomes, but they're so busy obsessing about all the things that they could have had, so they tend to be less happy with the outcomes they do get.
China's New Wildlife Trade Ban and Upcoming Law Amendment（修正案）
March 05, 2020 “Lisa” Ning Hua
The Coronavirus Outbreak in China, has been identified by the World Health Organization as a “Public Health Emergency of International Concern” or “PHEIC.” Seventeen years after the horrific SARS outbreak, the coronavirus has once again shown a spotlight on the risks of consuming wildlife as food and encouraged public outcry to ban wild meat consumption in China.
This challenge is not unique to China. Epidemics, such as Ebola, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy or Mad Cow Disease, Avian Influenza, and SARS, all originate from wildlife.
To combat the outbreak, China announced a suspension on wildlife trade across the country in January and a crackdown (i.e., stricter enforcement) on illegal activities involving wildlife. The country's top legislature also initiated a process for amending the current Wildlife Protection Law and announcing a decision this week to ban the trade of wildlife as food and tighten the crackdown on illegal wildlife trade.
While this is all very good news, it should be noted that the ban is not permanent and will automatically expire（失效）when the amendments to the Wildlife Protection Law become effective. Further, key details regarding ban enforcement have yet to be clarified to ensure it serves its purpose.
【写作内容】
1）用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2）谈谈你如何看待保护野生动物，并说明理由（至少两点）。
写作要求】
1）写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2）作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3）不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
A daughter complained to her father about her life and how things were so hard for her. She did not know she was going to make it and wanted to give up. She was tired of fighting and struggling. It seemed as one problem was solved a new one arose.
Her father, a cook, took her to the kitchen, and he filled three pots with water and placed each on a high fire. Soon the pots came to a boil. In one he placed carrots, in the second he placed eggs, and in the last he placed ground coffee beans. He led them sit and boil, without saying a word. In about twenty minutes he turned off the burners. He fished the carrots out and placed them in a bowl. He pulled the eggs out and placed them a bowl. Then he ladled the coffee out and placed it in a mug. Turning to her he asked, “Darling, what do you see?” “Carrots, eggs, and coffee,” she replied.
He brought her closer and asked her to feel the carrots and she did and noted that they were soft. Then he asked her to take an egg and break it. After pulling off the shell, she observed the hard-boiled egg. Finally, he asked her to sip the coffee. She smiled as she tasted its rich aroma.
What does it mean, Father? He explained that each of them had faced the same adversity, boiling water, but each reacted differently. The carrot went in strong, hard, and unrelenting. But after being subjected to the boiling water, it softened and became weak. The egg had been fragile. Its thin outer shell had protected its liquid interior, but after sitting through the boiling water. Its inside became hardened. The ground coffee beans were unique; however, after they were in the boiling water, they had changed the water.
Which are you? He asked his daughter.
When adversity knocks on your door, how do you respond? Are you a carrot, an egg or a coffee bean?
阅读上述材料，谈谈面对困境，你想成为“胡萝卜”、“鸡蛋”还是“咖啡豆”？简述原因。字数：100字左右。
Every year, more and more parents complain to their children's schools about PE. They believe that their children shouldn't have to participate in physical activities if they don't want to. Supporters of PE, however, believe that it is a necessary element of all-round schooling and our society's well-being. They insist PE in schools remains one of the few places in which the youth can be forced to participate in aerobic exercise.
Firstly, they believe that participation in sport promotes health. In fact physical education is a springboard for involvement in sports and physical activities throughout life. The government is, or should be, concerned with the health of its citizens. Encouraging physical activities in the young through compulsory PE fights child overweight and contributes to forming lifelong habits of exercise. This doesn't have to be through traditional team sports;increasing schools are able to offer exercise in the form of swimming, gymnastics, dancing, etc.
Besides, physical education helps to develop character and mutual respect required to succeed in an adult environment. Playing team sports builds character and encourages students to work with others, as they would be expected to do in most business or sporting environments. Sport teaches children how to win and lose with good graces and builds a strong school spirit through competition with other institutions. It is often the experience of playing on a team together that builds the strongest friendships at school, which endure for years afterwards.
Finally, the pursuit of national sporting achievements begins in the school. If schools don't have compulsory PE, it is much harder to pick out, develop and equip athletes to represent the country on a wider stage. However, it's much easier to find suitable individuals with a full sports program in every school.
Last, school PE helps select and train potential athletes for national teams. (要点4)
