题目

  Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony(和谐) in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting（领养） a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new secret of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly likely that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two-­thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog. However, it wasn't all sweetness 阅读下列材料，回答问题。 　　材料一：文艺复兴挣脱了神的统治，确立了人的尊严。但是那时……人们是不敢公开提出反对基督教、否定上帝的口号的。所以马克思说，人们只能“战战兢兢地请出古代的幽灵”，来为自己壮胆。 　　材料二：中国的科举制度为百科全书学派们普遍叫好，认为铲除了贵族的世袭制，每个人靠自己的本事，“学而优则仕”。 ——以上均摘编自叶廷芳《18世纪欧洲文化思潮中的“中国风”》 （1）根据材料一并结合所学知识，分析文艺复兴时期人们“不敢公开提出反对基督教、否定上帝的口号”的社会原因。 （2）根据材料二，指出百科全书派的主张体现了怎么样的时代精神？根据所学知识，从选官标准和推行的年代两方面比较中国古代“世官制”、“察举制”、“科举制”的不同。