文字式说明文 知识点题库
1). 作为高科技产品；这款手机在国内外被广泛地使用。
2). 主要功能：通话、发短信、上网、照相、玩游戏等。
3). 体积小,重量轻易携带,适用于各年龄段人群。
注意：词数100词左右（开头已给出,不计入总词数）。
Being a product of high technology,……
1）活动中的收获；
2）难忘在Kelly家的美好日子；
3）感谢她送你的英文词典。
注意：1）词数100左右
2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连冠
3）开头和结束语已为你写好（不计入总词数）。提示词：文化交流周Cultural Exchange Week
Dear Kelly,
I've been back home safely from England.
Welcome to China when it's convenient for you!
Yours,
Li Hua
Do you ever notice the music playing when you enter a store? No? Often it is very difficult to point out. It is similar to the music you listen to, but it is not the same. The music played in stores is changed to be more relaxing and to give you more mental energy. This style of music is called “elevator music.”
Elevator music is also referred to as Muzak. Muzak is very commonly listened to in the USA. About 1/3 of Americans will listen to Muzak for about 15 minutes a day in order to relax themselves. The music is played and contains short pauses. The most common time to hear elevator music played is between ten and eleven in the morning, and three to four in the afternoon. This is when most people are the most tired and could use the extra energy.
Elevator music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely and refreshes their brain. It has been proven that Muzak does what it is supposed to do. Studies have shown that tired office workers have more energy when Muzak is played in the background of the office. In addition, factory workers produce 13% more and shoppers buy 38% more groceries in a supermarket when listening to Muzak.
Some people do not like Muzak. They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time, but other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. Often you may recognize the songs being played. That is because many of the songs have been bought from the musicians or songwriters. Some of them do not like their music to be used for Muzak but others are happy when their songs are chosen. The top musicians that allow their music to turn into Muzak music can make up to 4 million US dollars a year. One way to another, Muzak affects everyone.
Gossip
“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori.
With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.”
Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip and I have noticed the effects of gossip.
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups, trouble at home—that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”. In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority.
Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. For instance, if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
What comes first: the optimism or the good health?
Optimism, defined as the general expectation that the future will be favorable, could provide ways to improve health, some researchers believe. But scientists remain unsure if optimism goes ahead of health improvements, or vice versa.
A recent study suggests that most people can't help but to think optimistically. This study was conducted by Ed O'Brien, a social psychologist at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. The findings suggest that people have a natural tendency to think positively about their future.
Participants were asked to create a list of imaginary personal experiences that would make them happy or unhappy over the course of the next year. They then ranked how difficult it was to plan that list and how happy they believed they would be in the future overall. The easier it was for people to think of positive future experiences, the happier they imagined they would be. However, there was no relationship between easily developing negative future experiences and expecting to be unhappy as a result.
O'Brien concluded that people seem to discount the possibility that future negative events will make them happy overall, suggesting that optimism might come more naturally. "We're not as used to thinking about the future in terms of things that are going to go wrong." O'Brien's study is one of many to find that people are consistently optimistic about their future, predicting pleasant experiences and discounting unpleasant ones. If optimism may lead to better health and people generally tend to think optimistically, what does this mean for the connection between mental and physical health? "If we can make sure that optimism comes before healthy states, we might be able to involve and improve people's optimism," Boehm explained. However, it's difficult to determine what comes first: the optimism or the good health.
China's National Treasure
Pandas are in danger of extinction at present, with only 1,900 remaining in the world. The scientific name of the giant panda is actually called the cat bear, the number of which is very scarce. It is one of the most precious animals in the world and belongs to the protected animals at the national level. Its body color is black and white. Giant pandas are unique to China, very cute. The existing major habitats are in the surrounding mountainous areas such as Sichuan and Shanxi in China. The giant panda has a very powerful function: digesting bamboo. We all know that bamboo is mainly cellulose (纤维素), and most animals can't digest it except giant pandas. The giant panda's hometown is in the mountains southwest of China, green bamboos and springs everywhere. Therefore, the giant panda's main food consists of bamboo and spring water.
Giant pandas are often referred to as living fossils. Hundreds of thousands of years ago, it was the peak period of giant pandas. This is of great scientific value for studying and protecting biodiversity and environmental changes on the earth. Long, long ago, the climate of the earth became colder and colder, many ice cubes formed on the earth; plants could not grow, and many animals were frozen or starved to death. The giant panda alone survived in the deep valleys of the mountains and became a treasure of the animal world. The giant panda still retains the characteristics of ancient animals. Therefore, the giant panda is not only popular with adults and children in terms of appearance, but also becomes a living fossil for biologists to study ancient creatures.
The status of giant pandas has been politicized. Giant pandas can be seen in almost all the major countries in the world. The giant panda has become a witness of friendship between China and foreign countries. For decades, wherever the giant panda goes, a panda whirlwind will blow. With its charmed figure and natural cuteness, the Chinese giant panda attracts numerous fans around the world, and at the same time plays the role of friendship ambassador in China's foreign exchanges, becoming one of the most famous symbols in China.
Over the past few years, there has been a big increase in the number of people sharing information online. In this article, we will learn about some positive factors regarding people sharing information online.
We often share information with our friends in the office or at home to educate, entertain, or pleasantly surprise them. In this way, we can connect with others. This is also true while sharing information online. If you look at the Facebook of your friends, you will realize that most of their updates are usually famous quotes, entertaining videos, inspirational images, funny jokes, etc. 94% of those who responded to a survey by The New York Times said they put a lot of thought into how the content they are sharing will be beneficial to others.
A lot of people share information online to portray (描述) their true self to the outside world.
Some people, especially those who are shy and not comfortable talking about their areas of interest in the presence of others, find it extremely convenient to share that information online with like-minded individuals.
78% of the respondents in the study of The New York Times said they shared information online because it helps them develop better relationships. Today, a lot of people do not have the time to meet each other in person, and the Internet has become a great substitute. A lot of people now "meet" each other online, rather than in conventional places like restaurants and pubs.
Lastly, when we share our thoughts online, we are actively engaging with the vast community of people who are a part of the World Wide Web. Sharing information will make a difference to the viewpoint of others, or add to their understanding about the world
What's your favorite sport?
Why do you like this sport?
What benefits can you get from this sport?
Teaching Children about Forgiveness
If you've seen your children struggle to forgive someone for hurting them, you know that forgiveness is complicated. After all, forgiveness is complicated for adults, too. At times, we wonder why we're trying to forgive someone anyway; later, we might think we've forgiven them, only to experience a sudden burst of anger. Indeed, it takes many years for us to grasp the meaning of forgiveness as we grow up.
It's understandable that children may feel hurt or angry when a friend does something less-than-kind to them. Maybe the friend said something unkind or broke something precious, embarrassed them, excluded them, or told their secrets. Children may be tempted to get even with a friend who's done them wrong, by doing something worse or telling everyone how terrible the friend is, but trying to get revenge only escalates (升级) the conflict.
Parents can play an important role in teaching children about forgiveness. Children watch how important adults in their lives respond when someone does something unkind. Do they complain to others or speak directly to the person involved? How long does it take them to get over being mad or hurt? How do they get over it? Parents can teach their children about the value of forgiveness by regularly practicing it in their own lives.
Sometimes parents can talk with their children about forgiveness, based on where kids are in their cognitive (认知的) and emotional development. For example, children need to understand that no one is perfect, so generously forgiving a well-meaning friend is a caring thing to do. If parents can help children see things a little more from other people's perspective, this will make forgiveness easier. These conversations can change the way children think about forgiveness and help them emotionally recover when they inevitably experience harm and unfair treatment from others in life.
Eighty-five percent of the jobs that today's students will do in 2030 don't exist yet, the Institute for the Future has predicted. That might seem like a high number to reach in only 10 years. But think about the non-mainstream careers that did not exist just a handful of years ago: social media manager, app developer and cloud computing engineer, etc. What role should colleges and universities play in preparing students for a workplace that is constantly changing? Educational institutions are trying to answer that question. "We hope they will not only be prepared for whatever the job market looks like in 10, 20 or 50 years but be the ones shaping it," said Jenn Stringer, professor at the University of Californian, Berkeley. Here are some of the approaches they're taking.
Some experts argue that the four-year learning model needs to be rethought in a big way. They say education can no longer be seen as something that stops when a person graduates from college. If students could take a year or two off school, get a job, and then return to school a few years later, the education system would offer true life-long learning and better adapt to changing technology.
Fewer employers are willing to train people on the job than the employers 50 years ago, largely as part of an effort to cut costs. To fill the job skills gap, some courses are offered as an add-on to a student's main degree. For example, the courses may include data analysis, web design and digital marketing. The goal is to offer students, a degree aside, some advantages when they seek jobs or promotions in the future.
Other institutions are trying to imitate the workplace within the traditional classroom. Several colleges have partnered with private companies, such as the software company Adobe, to integrate their products into the classroom. Professors at schools who partner with the company are encouraged to use the product for assignments. The idea is that students learn how to create a project that can be used in the real world and the" soft skills" such as teamwork and creativity.
These days, football is one of the most popular sports in the world. Given that Neil Armstrong wanted to take a football to the Moon, we could even say that it is also the most popular sport out of this world! The history of the game goes back over two thousand years to Ancient China. It was then known as cuju (kick ball), a game using a ball of animal skins with hair inside. Goals were hung in the air. Football as we know it today started in Great Britain, where the game was given new rules.
That football is such a simple game to play is perhaps the basis of its popularity. It is also a game that is very cheap to play. You don't need expensive equipment; even the ball doesn't have to cost much money. All over the world you can see kids playing to their hearts 'content with a ball made of plastic bags; just like Pele did when he was a boy.
Another factor behind football's global popularity is the creativity and excitement on the field. It is fun enough to attract millions of people. You do not have to be a fan to recognize the skill of professional player-how they use their bodies to pass, score and defend can be amazing to see-or to feel the excitement of a game ending with a surprising twist.
What's more, football has become one of the best ways for people to communicate: it does not require words, but everyone understands it. It breaks down walls and brings people together on and off the field. Take, for example, the famous football game on Christmas Day 1914. World War I had broken out months before, but British and German soldiers put down their guns and played football together-one moment of peace to remember during years of conflict.
"Some people believe football is a matter of life and death, ...... "said Bill Shankly, the famous footballer and manager. "I can assure you it is much, much more important than that." This might sound funny, but one only has to think about the Earth to realize that our planet is shaped like a football.
Cultures can be different from each other in many aspects. People can eat different foods and live in different types of houses. People probably speak different languages and have beliefs and customs very different from yours. However, they can be similar in ways of connecting with each other. We sometimes call these means of communication universal languages.
Some legends hold that (据说) thousands of years ago there was a single language spoken by everyone. It is fun to think about a time when everyone may have been able to communicate in the same language though historical evidence does not support this, of course.
Today, there are thousands of languages spoken around the world. Yet, there are some means of communication that go beyond words and allow people of wildly different backgrounds to communicate and share emotions and feelings. For example, some people believe music is a universal language. There may be some scientific support for this idea, too. Experts have learned that across cultures people can recognize three common emotions in music: happiness, sadness and fear.
Another universal language that you might not have thought of is math! If you think about it now, it just makes sense. The value of “pi” is roughly 3.14159 no matter where you are. Similarly, we judge the value of something by the same mathematical calculations, no matter whether you're counting in dollars, pounds or RMB.
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry Ⅳ, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was longlived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many firsttime parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (后者) position is gaining some ground.
It is clear that young people are now renting at record rates, yet the appetite to make a house a home remains equally high. While picking out the perfect color for the living room or putting down new carpets might have been important decorative choices for their parents, young people are increasingly finding more temporary solutions to the challenge of making a rental home look fantastic without annoying their landlords.
For some young renters, personalizing a home can come down to affordable, stylish additions. Houseplant sales have increased almost 50% in the US over the last three years, and mass market retailers such as Zara, ASOS and H&M have all recently launched homeware ranges, focusing largely on smaller items like vases, cushions and candles that are easy to be included into an already furnished space.
Some businesses are now even offering to equip homes with pay-per-month furniture, with everything from sofas to houseplants up for rent. This gives landlords the opportunity to attract renters with fashionable decorations rather than old sofas and mismatched furnishings, as well as offering renters the opportunity to personalize their own temporary space.
"I think that in all industries personalized yet accessible, affordable services are very popular," says Rhiannon Smith, a spokesperson for plant rental company The Plant Library. "People want things to feel good, without having to think too much about it or pay too much for it. I'd expect it's a section that will be very popular and continue to grow."
One Person/ Multiple Careers
In an art show at a gallery, Gedvile Bunikyte is among the crowd, introducing her latest works on exhibit. However, her talents extend to far more than her beautifully geometric(几何图形的) artworks. Bunikyte is what is known as—someone who has multiple talents, which she has turned into professional careers, each separated by a"slash" in her job title.
It has become common for people to have a hard time describing what they do for a living, with an increasing number of work-related labels attached to each individual. The slasher culture has infiltrated(渗透) every industry. The "lawyer/ fashion blogger' combination may seem contradictory to some, but makes perfect sense to multi-passionate millennials(千禧一代). Slash careers are an interesting concept when it comes to work-life balance and satisfaction, which has little to do with time spent in areas, but more to do with fulfillment across various areas that make up feelings of balance in one's life.
Slash careers can also make you more desirable to an employer. They give you greater creativity and a broader skill set. Companies are always looking for self-starters and innovators on their teams to help them get to the next level. People who have taken the initiative to develop a slash career are more likely to bring those qualities into their office.
Furthermore, it's no secret that millennnials are struggling with money. Americans aged between 18 and 34 had higher rates of being late with mortgage payments, overdrawing checking accounts,and having trouble with medical costs. A slash career might not help with the financial literacy, but it could help pay some of those bills.
The possibilities of slash career options are truly limitless. However, However, Marci Alboher, the author who popularized the phrase "slash career," believes it's better to deeply immerse oneself in a particular career, and then layer in another slash. Personally, when I look back on my own slash career, I find this to be true as well. I began as a mental health counselor, which led to consulting opportunities. Eventually, I made money from my blog and became a social media influencer.
Yash Gupta is a student at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, California. He has worn glasses since he was only five years old. One day he demolished his glasses, so he couldn't wear them to school. He had a big problem. He could not see much of what was going on in his classroom and he had learned much less than he usually did that day!
Yash quickly got his glasses repaired, but his experience changed his life. He realized that there were probably many kids around the world that didn't have proper glasses to help them learn in school. So, he did some research. He found out that 13 million children around the world didn't have proper glasses to help them see in class. And he also learned that not having glasses could cause a 20% loss in learning! Instead of just shaking his head at this problem, he decided to do something to solve it. Yash started a small organization, Sight Learning, to help find glasses for other kids and teens that need them.
He created Sight Learning in July, 2011 and since then he has affected the lives of thousands of young students around the world! Sight Learning's job is "to provide eyeglasses for students who need them but cannot afford them." They've collected and donated over $1, 000, 000 worth of eyeglasses. This has helped over 20, 000 young people in five countries to see better!
Yash is a great example of a young person taking action to improve not only his own life, but also those of others. Yash was honored as a CNN Hero. Check out this inspiring video and then see how you can help below.
The way of Chinese people's life has been changed through the China's" New Four Great Inventions". What are" New Four Great Inventions"? They are High-speed rail, Shared bikes, Online shopping and Alipay.
What did the China's" New Four Great Inventions" bring to us?
High-speed rail—Modern transportation makes everybody neighbor. The invention of the high-speed railway makes it easy to thousands of miles a day. Today China's rail transit technology is the best, the China's daily average of 4, 000 trains, sending about 4. 6 million passengers.
Shared bikes—Short walks become more convenient and faster, and carbon emissions are reduced, which is friendly to the environment. You can download the APP about shared bikes, pay some money, and then you can use bicycles everywhere in the street. The Chinese shared bicycle programs have been becoming more and more popular.
Online shopping—Don't need to go out to find the needs for living. Online shopping, as the name implies, is to pay money online. Purchases(购买物) can be sent home. China has 751 million Internet users, 724 million mobile phone users; total transactions on November 11 and December 12 hit a record high every year. Online shopping lets Chinese Internet users enjoy" shopping carnival" every day.
Alipay—A software which can replace cash payments. With intelligence phones' popularization, Alipay has become an indispensable (不可或缺的) APP. Through scanning the " QR code", Alipay wants to realize the ambition of " replacing cash payments" gradually. On 11th November 2018, both the mobile payment account and the transaction reached 213. 5 billion.
There is no doubt that China has already used its own power of" New Four Great Inventions" to become the great powerful technological country, showing the power of China once again.
We already know that the underwater world is anything but silent. It is full of natural sounds produced by animals and by the motion of the atmosphere and water. But today's researchers are increasingly concerned about the man-made noises under the water. They are confusing and even killing fish, whales and other marine animals.
Although hearing is important to all animals, the special qualities of the undersea world emphasize the use of sound. Underwater sound allows marine animals to gather information and communicate at great distances and from all directions. Loud underwater noises can cause damage to their hearing. And nowadays it's becoming too much for marine wildlife. Evidence shows that whales will swim hundreds of miles, rapidly change their depth, and even beach themselves to get away from the sounds of sonar.
You might think lower noises, typically caused by shipping or construction, do not pose a threat to marine animals. In fact, while they may not kill the animals directly, they can disturb their ability to locate food, find mates and avoid predators (掠食动物). Scientists looked at the effects of noise from small motorboats on coral-reef fish at the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. In the lab, the fish had been trained to recognize the smell of three common predators as a threat. Some fish were trained in the presence of boat noise, while the others had training with the natural sounds of the ocean. It turned out that the first group showed no fright reactions when exposed to the predator. However, the other group was scared. And under the influence of underwater noise on this group, only 20 percent of fish survived, compared to almost 70 percent of unexposed fish.
Humans rely on the ocean for its natural resources and biodiversity. The ocean also plays an important role in regulating(调节)temperatures. As Cousteau said, “For most of history, man has had to fight nature to survive;in this century he is beginning to realize that, in order to survive, he must protect it. ”
1）地球环境问题变得越来越重要。我们每个人都有必要为之做点什么。我们应该爱护身边的花草，应该从小事做起……
2）树木对地球来说是很重要的，我们可以每年多植些树。
3）让我们大家携起手来，共同维护美好家园！
Ann Grand: a visual thinker
Ann Grand is a visual thinker. When somebody speaks to her, the words arc instantly translated into pictures, like a video in her head. Unlike most people, her thoughts move from video-like images to generalizations and concepts. Furthermore, her memories usually appear in her imagination in order of time, and the image visualized are always specific. For example, if she thinks about a chimney, she sees detailed pictures, like the one in her old house, and then those in her hometown. That one word can turn into a full-length video in her head. Grand's mind works like the Internet search engine which produces dozens of images of an object a user is searching for.
Visual thinking has enabled Grand to build entire systems in her imagination, which works similarly to a computer program because it can produce three-dimensional design simulations. This was important to her as an equipment designer for the livestock industry. Before she started construction on her designs, she would test-run the equipment in her mind. She formed mental pictures of her designs in every possible situation, with different sizes and breeds of cattle and in different weather conditions. This process made it possible for her to correct mistakes before construction started.
Grand's mind is also sensitive to details, which was important in her work with cattle. Her sharp awareness of the visual world led to noteworthy observations about animals. She noticed many little things that most people would not consider that scared the cattle. For example, a coat on a fence or a pipe on the floor would frighten them away. Grand's visualization abilities have also helped her understand the animals she has worked with. This led her to create designs ranging from sweeping, curved fences intended to reduce the stress experienced by animals that were going to be killed to systems for handling sick cattle and pigs.
