文字式说明文 知识点题库
位置 | 珠江三角洲南部 |
人口 | 约235万 |
面积 | 1800平方公里 |
历史 | 距今有800多年历史 |
著名的景点 | 石岐步行街,孙中山故居,民众水乡等. |
气候,天气 | 气候湿润,多雨;全年平均气温约摄氏22度. |
说明：开头和结尾已经给出，词数100字左右（the Pearl River Delta,珠江三角洲。Shiqi Shopping Street,石岐步行街。Doctor Sun Yatsen's Former Residence,孙中山故居。Minzhong Water Village民众水乡）。
Dear Mary,
I'm glad to hear that you will come to Zhongshan for a visit.
……
⒈理想中的职业；
⒉选择的理由；
⒊为此所要做的准备。
注意：
⒈词数100左右；
⒉可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
保护中国传统文化的意义 | ⒈传承中国人民的智慧； ⒉推动国家的持续发展； ⒊帮助中国迈入国际舞台。 |
弘扬中国传统文化的做法 | ⒈利用媒体进行宣传活动； ⒉开展文化交流活动； |
注意：1）对所有要点逐一陈述，并作适当发挥。
2）词数130左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。
3）作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。
参考词汇：弘扬carry forward
Everlasting Classics, a new programme in CCTV,
I have a "strangesounding" name. I always knew when the teacher got to my name on the attendance, because of the long pause.
"Um…… Ooooozma?"
"Is it…… Ahhhzzzma?"
"Wait, I got this. Youzma, right?"
The other kids, all named Carla, Melanie, Sammy and Geoff, would laugh secretly. I'd agree with whatever my teacher said, just to move past the annual, painful moment. It's totally fine, though. Whatever shames you in grade school turns you into a strong adult later, so it's all good.
I was shocked to learn, many years later, that my first name—Uzma, pronounced exactly as it looks—is quite common in India and Pakistan. I even know a few Uzma's in Toronto. At least my teachers tried. When I was 12 my P.E. teacher called me "Ursula" because he couldn't pronounce my name. Every time he called me by my new nickname, I pictured the scary octopus from LittleMermaid. For the record, if I were to give myself a more userfriendly name, it would be Caroline. To 12-year-old me, it had a great sound.
Many of my friends have similar stories. Amreena became "Am," Aqeela became "Angela" and—my personal favourite—Widad Ahmed somehow changed into "Woodward Anderson". One teacher took one look at a friend's name and threw up his hands. "I can't pronounce this!" he said. Her name is Ayesha.
Every parent I know gives the "how will this be important in school?" attitude when giving a list of baby names. For instance, "Butt" is a common South Asian last name, but in Canada it is sure to have different meaning. My own last name, at four syllables and 10 letters, is difficult to read. I drive cashiers crazy when signing receipts, holding up lines for an extra five to 10 seconds while I carefully write.
As a teacher, I pay attention to pronouncing names. "HAHSSan?" I said with confidence. The class starts to laugh. "It's Hassaaan, miss," the students responded. No! It's not! I want to yell back. I know how your name is pronounced! Mispronunciations（误读）happen so often that the proper pronunciation sounds wrong.
注意：
1）所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2）应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3）续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好；
4）续写完成后, 请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:Yet many people stick to traditional ethnic names when it comes to their own kids.
Paragraph 2:Do names really matter?
"I think I'm nothing more than a dead fish." "I don't want to do anything." "I'm so beat and so sad."... The young generation in our country used to enjoy their "happy culture" but now they have become "beat and sad" slowly and secretly. Some people even called it "the beat culture". The "Beat" youths don't want to do anything. They have no purpose, no desire and they are totally depressed so that they only want to live an aimless life. The "Ge You slouch (葛优瘫)" and the song I feel like having been drained are the examples.
Many media concern themselves about this phenomenon and try to persuade the youths into embracing positive and healthy feelings and encourage them to work hard to get rid of decadence. This is really a kind gesture. However, we don't have to worry too much about this "beat culture." In fact, it's not a negative thing. "Beat" never means despair, but a way of self-mockery (自嘲) and pressure relief.
In general, the youths in China are not "beat". According to a recent international research, the youths in China hold positive attitude towards the future. 29% of the Chinese interviewees believe they will live and work in peace in China because "as long as you work hard, you can have your own day". Around 93% of the Chinese interviewees believe the future is promising because of medicine industry, renewable energy sources and computer. Compared with Chinese youngsters, youths in developed countries are more pessimistic.
Of course there are some social reasons for the appearing of "the Beat Culture". As urbanization develops rapidly, youths living in big cities are facing new challenges that their forefathers have never encountered before. Loneliness and feelings of insignificance and powerlessness are easy to get hold of the young people. Without proper care, they could threaten our mentality and cause many social problems. These problems probably need our attention more.
学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某一件物品（如钢笔、书包、鞋子……)设计一项新的功能来参赛。 请以“ My Magic__” 为题写一篇英语演讲稿，介绍你的创意并说明你的设计理由。（ 注意:不得使用真实姓名和学校名称。 ）
Small businesses hold the key to employed happiness. As the calendar flips to another year, many employees will consider starting the new year on the hunt for a new job.
In today's changing workforce, it is more important than ever for companies to realize that a salary alone is no longer enough to attract or retain strong employees.
According to a survey by Aflac, small business deserve a round of applause for their ability to keep employees happy. The report found that 85 percent of small-business employees are happy in their current job, and more than half（51 percent）agree that most of or all of their happiness in their current job is a result of working for a small business.
Nearly a quarter of participants（23 percent）stated that the feeling of importance was the best part of working for a small business. Small businesses have the unique ability to make employees feel appreciated, respected and valued on a personal and professional level.
In a small-business environment, there are typically fewer layers between newcomers and leadership. This tight-knit structure can create a family-like atmosphere that allows employees to feel that their opinions matter and that they play a significant role in the business's mission.
Flexibility is also vital in creating employee happiness. According to the report, 30 percent of respondents noted that flexible scheduling was the best part of working for a small business. A workplace that promotes healthy work-life balance can create happier, less stressed employees and can also increase productivity.
Although small business excel at keeping employees happy, there is always room for improvement. In a small-business community, money does not seem to be the only motivator. In fact, 65 percent of small-business employees indicate that an improvement in their benefits offerings would make them happier.
By offering a great benefits plan that includes voluntary benefits, small business can ensure that their employees are able to find the right benefits to meet their individual needs.
The Possible Health Dangers of Air-conditioners
Although many of us may feel air-conditioners bring relief from hot, humid or polluted outside air, they pose many potential health hazards. Much research has looked at how the movement of air inside a closed environment—such as an office building—can spread disease or expose people in the building to harmful chemicals.
One of the more widely publicized dangers is that of Legionnaire's disease, which was first recognized in the 1970s. This was found to have affected people in buildings with air-conditioning systems in which warm air pumped out of the system' cooling towers was somehow sucked back into the air intake, in most cases due to poor design. The warm air, filled with bacteria, was combined with cooled, conditioned air and was then circulated around various parts of the building. Studies showed that even people outside such buildings were at risk if they walked past air exhaust pipes.
Large air-conditioning systems add water to the air they circulate by means of humidifiers. In older systems, the water used for this process is kept in special reservoirs, the bottoms of which provide breeding grounds for bacteria which can find their way into the ventilation system. The risk to human health from this situation has been highlighted by the fact that the immune systems of approximately half of workers in air-conditioned office buildings have developed the ability to fight off the organisms found at the bottom of system reservoirs. But chemicals called “biocides” are added to reservoirs to make them germ-free, and they are dangerous in their own right in sufficient quantities, as they often contain compounds strongly linked to cancers.
Finally, it should be pointed out that the artificial climatic environment created by air-conditioners can also affect us. In a natural environment, whether indoor or outdoor, there are small variations in temperature and humidity. Indeed, the human body has long been accustomed to these normal changes. In an air-conditioned living or working environment, however, body temperatures remain well under 37℃, our normal temperature. This leads to a weakened immune system and thus greater exposure to diseases such as colds and flu.
How to Improve Your English Pronunciation
Accurate pronunciation is an important part of learning English, or any language for that matter. The way your speech sounds can have a big impact on whether or not people understand what you are saying and their initial impression of you. There are no shortcuts to perfect pronunciation; there are, however, some ways you can practice more effectively and improve your skills faster.
It's often difficult to hear pronunciation errors in your own speech because you are concentrating on actually communicating rather than the sound you are making. If you can't hear your pronunciation problems, it's tough to correct them. Try recording your speech with your smartphone or PC and making a note of specific areas you need to improve on.
Moreover, many English learners think that speaking fluently means they need to speak fast. This is wrong. Speaking too fast reinforces bad habits and makes the speaker sound nervous and indecisive. Speaking slowly will give you time to breathe properly and think about what you want to say next.
Pronunciation is a physical skill. You're teaching your mouth a new way to move and using different muscles. Focus on difficult sounds each day. Having trouble with "th"? Put your tongue between your teeth (don't bite down) and blow air out of your mouth. Feel the air move over the top of your tongue. Another method worth a try is learning popular English songs. Singing helps you relax and just get those words out, as well as helping your rhythm and intonation (语调). Because you don't need to concentrate on constructing sentences for yourself, you can concentrate on making your pronunciation sound great!
Which one you choose to talk about;
What influences it has on your life;
What you think of it.
注意：⒈ 自拟标题；
⒉词数不少于50。
Most of us — even those at the top — struggle with public-speaking anxiety. When I ask my clients what makes them nervous, invariably they respond with the same answers: "I don't like being watched", "I don't like the eyes on me" or "I don't like being in the spotlight".
To understand why, we need to go way back to prehistoric times, when humans regarded eyes watching us as an existential threat. Those eyes were likely predators (肉食动物) and people were terrified of being eaten alive. The bad news is that our brains have transferred the ancient fear of being watched into public speaking. In other words, public-speaking anxiety is in our DNA.
Fortunately, there is a solution: human generosity. The key to disarming our panic button is to turn the focus away from ourselves and toward helping the audience. Studies have shown that an increase in generosity indeed leads to a decrease in amygdala (扁桃腺) activity, which is responsible for our panic feeling in the brain. When we are kind to others, we overcome the sense of being under attack and start to feel less nervous.
Admittedly, this is hard to do. But it's absolutely possible to become a generous speaker. To begin with, when you start preparing for a presentation, the mistake you often make is starting with the topic. Instead, you should start with the audience. Identify the audience's needs, and craft a message that speaks directly to those needs. Also, you are the most nervous right before you speak. This is the moment when your brain is telling you, "Everyone is judging me." But it is exactly the moment when you should refocus your brain. Over time, your brain will begin to get it, and you will become less nervous.
How to Improve Your English Pronunciation
Accurate pronunciation is an important part of learning English, or any language for that matter. The way your speech sounds can have a big impact on whether or not people understand what you are saying and their initial impression of you. There are no shortcuts to perfect pronunciation; there are, however, some ways you can practice more effectively and improve your skills faster.
It's often difficult to hear pronunciation errors in your own speech because you are concentrating on actually communicating rather than the sound you are making. If you can't hear your pronunciation problems, it's tough to correct them. Try recording your speech with your smartphone or PC and making a note of specific areas you need to improve on.
Moreover, many English learners think that speaking fluently means they need to speak fast. This is wrong. Speaking too fast reinforces bad habits and makes the speaker sound nervous and indecisive. Speaking slowly will give you time to breathe properly and think about what you want to say next.
Pronunciation is a physical skill. You're teaching your mouth a new way to move and using different muscles. Focus on difficult sounds each day. Having trouble with "th"? Put your tongue between your teeth (don't bite down) and blow air out of your mouth. Feel the air move over the top of your tongue. Another method worth a try is learning popular English songs. Singing helps you relax and just get those words out, as well as helping your rhythm and intonation (语调). Because you don't need to concentrate on constructing sentences for yourself, you can concentrate on making your pronunciation sound great!
In many organizations, perhaps the best way to approach certain new projects is to assemble a group of people into a team. Having a team of people attack a project offers several advantages.
First of all, a group of people has a wider range of knowledge, expertise and skills than any single individual is likely to possess. Also, because of the numbers of people involved and the greater resources they possess, a group can work more quickly in response to the task assigned to it and can come up with highly creative solutions to problems and issues. Sometimes these creative solutions come about because a group is more likely to make risky decisions that an individual might not undertake. This is because the group spreads responsibility for a decision to all the members and thus no single individual can be held accountable if the decision turns out to be wrong.
Taking part in a group process can be very rewarding for members of the team. Team members who have a voice in making a decision will no doubt feel better about carrying out the work that is entailed (引起) by the decision than they might doing work that is imposed on them by others. Also, the individual team member has a much better chance to "shine", to get his or her contributions and ideas not only recognized but recognized as highly significant, because a team's overall results can be more far-reaching and have greater impact than what might have otherwise been possible for the person to accomplish or contribute working alone.
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, "We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict." By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them.
Still, don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
So what is the right
amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than
the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome 
you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. "We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal," says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. "One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters."
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate (相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age, but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.
The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functions—including measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed and puzzle-solving—started to dull as early as age 27. Dips in memory, meanwhile, generally became apparent around age 37.
On the other hand, indicators of a person's accumulated knowledge—like performance on tests of vocabulary and general knowledge—kept improving with age, according to the findings published in the journal Neurobiology of Aging. The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories. Most people's minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse.
"These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one's abilities, may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no diseases," Salthouse said in a news release.
The study included healthy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years. The tests are designed to detect subtle (细微的) changes in mental function, and involve solving puzzles, recalling words and details from stories, and identifying patterns in collections of letters and symbols. In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition (认知能力) generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s. The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding the process of dementia (痴呆), according to the researchers.
Whatever happened to the fight of carbon capture?
Debates have been going on around the subject of carbon capture. Scientists, especially engineers and geologists, have strongly criticized green groups who claimed that carbon capture and storage (CCS) schemes are costly mistakes.
The scientists insisted that such schemes are vital weapons in the battle against global heating. They also wan that failure to set up ways to trap and store carbon would make it impossible to meet the emissions target by 2050." CCS is going to be the only effective way in the short term to prevent our steel industry, cement manufacture and many other processes from continuing to pour emissions into the atmosphere," said Professor Stuart Haszeldine, of Edinburgh University. "If we are to have any hope of keeping global temperature increases down below 2 degrees Celsius, we desperately need to develop ways to capture and store carbon dioxide."
Green groups claimed CCS would not make "a meaningful contribution to 2050 climate targets". They say CCS was not a reliable way to decarbonize the energy system and that CCS has a "history of over-promising and under-delivering". Instead, they urged the construction of more renewable energy plants to be given priority.
But the claims were dismissed by engineers and geologists, "These claims are quite unfair" said Michael Stephenson, director at the British Geological Survey. "The technology behind carbon capture and storage is fully mature. It offers us a genuine solution to some of the problems we face in trying to deal with global warming."
A government spokesman for the Department of Energy and Climate Change said, "We are committed to meeting our climate change targets in a way that is affordable and provides secure energy to families and businesses. We are considering the role that CCS could play in decarbonization of the UK. But we also need to take government spending into account. CCS had better come down in cost."
What You Will Need to Live to 100
A new approach to retirement preparation known as “longevity planning” has been on the rise for years, with the global population of centenarians (B1岁老人)steadily growing. In about 40 years, the number of people 100 and older will be six times as high as it is now. What, as you may wonder, enhances longevity? While a previous study underlined the link between longevity and higher education, having a degree doesn't necessarily guarantee you a longer lief. Actually, the growth in the 100-plus age group are more likely to result from a combination of improved lifestyle factors.
Genetic, as new research has revealed, is a force that cannot go ignored. Dr. Peris of medicine and geriatrics at Boston University points out that longevity is not distributed equally. Being blessed with the certain genetic component that extend your life span is like winning the lottery. Only one in 5000 is lucky enough to possess the magical power that help make it to the century mark. Rare as it may appear, the genetic component is a factor in 40 percent to 50 percent of people who make it to 100 and 70 percent for those reaching 106.
Deliberate mental, social and physical activities during retirement also matter. That means continuing to learn new things, staying involved in the community and working to some degree. Activity is critically important, said Mitch Anthony, a consultant in Rochester, who trains financial planners in life planning. People tend to do best when they remain socially and mentally vibrant.
The research continues to uncover that despite their struggle to identity how they improve longevity, most of the researchers agree that purpose and meaning throughout life provide people with better chances to live longer. These factors may offer a mental and possibly physical shelter from stressful events in life. Having purpose in life may motivate refraining stressful situations to deal with them more productively, thereby facilitating recovery from stress and disorder.
"Oh my god, buy it!" I believe that you are very familiar with Li Jiaqi's phrase. Livestreaming marketing is a method of selling products on live video streaming platforms, which now are mainly Taobao, Kuaishou and Tik Tok. On April 1st, 2020, Luo Yonghao finished his first livestreaming marketing on Tik Tok. Data showed that the total amount of payment reached 110 million yuan in 3 hours, which set the record of livestreaming marketing on Tik Tok.
One of the most popular functions of livestreaming is the 'real-time connection". Although traditional television shopping channels also allow vito real-time comments, nor can television sales data be readily collected to analyze ewers to instantly buy recommended items, they don't allow hosts to respond customers' purchasing behaviours or performance indicators. With this feature, potential customers can get answers to pressing questions and gain a more comprehensive impression of the products, making promotional activities more convincing and effective.
Under the influence of the current epidemic, online shopping reduces direct contact between folks, having a certain guarantee for the health of residents. At the same time, many industries are hit by the epidemic. In this situation, many businessmen walked into the studio with the aim of recovering some of the damage for the business as much as possible.
Meanwhile, the expanding of 5G has created a favorable environment for livestreaming marketing. Supported by the technology of 5G, the image quality of live stream is clearer, so more details can be showed to customers, which helps to provide them an entirely different experience. "With the arrival of the 5G era, livestreaming will be faster, allowing users to zoom in and out of videos to see more details of products." said Xuan De, general manager for content e-commerce at Taobao.
Although livestreaming marketing is developing rapidly, the industry gradually becomes a mixed bag. There is no doubt that livestreaming marketing is popular, but eventually, the key to success is high quality of products.
The Power of iPhone
Though Apple released data last week indicating iPhone sales may, at last, be slowing, one CEO recently explained why he thinks the smartphone has overturned our expectations of basically everything.
Harry West is the CEO of the global design and strategy firm Frog, which works with its clients "to anticipate(预料)the future". In a conversation with The Huffington Post at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, West credited Apple with transforming the way companies approach consumers and their own employees.
"Way back in the day," West said, companies marketed their products as "military spec" and "industrial" to take advantage of the impression that these seemingly specialized products were of higher quality than consumer versions. In the 70s, 80s and 90s, this slowly gave way to the rise of "professional" products adapted to businesses and business people.
"That all changed after the coming of the iPhone in 2007," he said. "Consumers began to use this amazing digital interface (界面), and they liked it. They used it ii their personal life and at home, and when they went back to work, they encountered this terrible 'professional' or 'industrial', or 'enterprise' product, and they realized how old-fashioned and inconvenient it was. They demanded change."
That massive shift foreshadowed the downfall of BlackBerry and the weakening of the power of it departments - and it also forced companies to update the work experience of their employees, according to West.
"Companies need to hire millennials(千禧世代,一般指在1980年至2000年之间出生的人), and millennials refuse to work in these outdated, backward systems," he said. "Not only is it uncomfortable, but it also indicates something wrong about the company. If your work experience is that old-fashioned, then what else is wrong in the company?"
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
In 2002, an Australian man went to his friend's 21st birthday party. He got drunk, fell off some steps and cut his lip. He took a picture of his injuries and shared it with his friends online. "And sorry about the focus," he wrote. "It was a selfie(自拍). "That was the first recorded use of the word "selfie", according to some experts at Oxford Dictionaries.
Oxford Dictionaries declared "selfie". In recent years, the act of taking a picture of oneself with a mobile phone, placing the subject center-stage, has won great popularity with everyone from Britain's Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ to U. S. President Barack Obama joining in.
But the rise of selfie photography in some of the world's most beautiful, and dangerous places has also inspired a lot of risk-taking behavior, such as hanging from a tall building, standing in front of a rushing train and crossing a busy street. People who get addicted will never stop taking selfies, completely ignoring where they are. In fact, there have been several reports about people losing their lives while taking selfies. Several governments have now begun treating the selfie as a serious threat to safety, warning visitors to pay attention to the dangers when taking selfies.
"Walt Disney World is also banning selfie-sticks in its theme parks because selfie-sticks have become a growing safety concern for our guests, " Disney World spokeswoman Kim Prunty said under the new policy, and guests will be checked for the equipment during the routine bag check that happens near the parks' entrances.
