年度 | 2006 | 2016 | 原因 |
境外旅游 | 11% | 22% | 收入增加 |
海边度假 | 38% | 31% | 海水污染 |
爬山野营 | 11% | 34% | 回归自然 |
注意：1.词数120左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
The way people spend their holidays changed a lot from 2006 to 2016.
1).你最喜欢的体育运动；
2).喜欢这项体育活动的理由；
注意：1).词数100左右；
2).可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
The Sports Activities I Like Best
要点如下： 1）节日的日期；
2）节日的由来；
3）庆祝的方式。
注意：1）词数100左右；
2）短文开头已给出，不计入总词数；
3）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇: 战国时期the Warring States Period; 自杀 commit suicide; 粽子Zongzi。
The Dragon Boat Festival
1）快餐受欢迎的原因：
2）快餐食品的不足：营养不均衡。
3）你对快餐的态度和观点。
注意：1）词数：100左右；
2）从营养角度来讲：in terms of nutrition
1）沉着冷静，遇事不惊
2）.室内要找到遮蔽物，如：桌子下面
3）室外应远离建筑物，去到开阔的地方
注意：1）词数100左右； 2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Over the past few years, there has been a big increase in the number of people sharing information online. In this article we will learn about some positive factors for people to share information online.
We often share information with our friends in the office or at home to educate, entertain or pleasantly surprise them. In this way we can connect with others. This is also true while sharing information online. If you look at the Facebook wall posts of your friends, you will realize that most of their updates are usually famous quotes, entertaining videos, inspirational images, funny jokes, etc. 94% of those who responded to a survey by the New York Times said they put a lot of thought into how the content they are sharing will be beneficial to others.
A lot of people share information online to represent their true self to the outside world. Some people, especially those who are shy and not comfortable talking about their areas of interest in the presence of others, find it extremely convenient to share that information online with like-minded individuals.
78% of the respondents in the study of The New York Times said they shared information online because it helps them develop better relationships. Today, a lot of people do not have the time to meet each other in person and the Internet has become a great substitute. A lot of people now "meet" each other online, rather than in conventional places like restaurants and pubs.
Lastly, when we share our thoughts online, we are actively engaging with the vast community of people who are a part of the World Wide Web. Sharing information will make a difference to the viewpoint of others, or add to their understanding about the world.
⒈你喜欢的运动；
⒉你喜欢该运动的原因。
注意：⒈词数100左右；
⒉可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。
Working overtime has been common for employees in China's internet sector for many years, but debate about the practice heated up recently after a blacklist of technology companies that push their staff to follow a "996" schedule went viral online.
The blacklist is said to have been compiled by current and former employees of technology companies. As of Monday, 84 Chinese companies were on the blacklist, which claims employees are forced to follow a "996" schedule, under which work begins at 9 am and finishes at 9 pm, six days a week.
"If it's 'work more, pay more' model, I'd be a lot more willing to follow the '996' schedule. But the truth is, not every company is run that way. That's why many people complain," a software developer working in a gaming company based in Hangzhou, East China's Zhejiang Province, told the Global Times on Wednesday.
The online complaints and discussions also come amid young people's changing attitudes toward life and work, and rising rights protection awareness. With improved living standards, more young people have adopted a "work hard, play hard" lifestyle, compared with the older generations' "work to live" mind-set. While working hard, they are calling for more holidays, and believe holidays are their rights.
"But we don't know who we should resort to when it comes to all these holidays and payment issues, so we resort to the internet," the developer said.
"Sometimes when projects come along. I work seven days a week, I sometimes even sleep at the office," the developer said. "I'm a game lover and I like my job, but I think I'm underpaid and my work is not appreciated."
Industry analysts noted that the hours required by the "996" model exceed the limits established in China's Labor Contract Law. The culture of overtime is connected to the characteristics embedded in Chinese people - who are hard -working, diligent, and desirous of success. They are even willing to sacrifice some of their personal lives to achieve career success. This might be quite different and hard to be understood in European countries.
Beyond China, most people in other East Asian countries such as Japan and South Korea also suffer from working overtime due to similar cultural elements. Working overtime has become a global phenomenon, and labor unions around the world should play an active role in seeking more ways to better protect workers' rights amid an industrial upgrading.
Even without 'assigned' seating, it is a little surprising how many people always choose the same seat in a classroom or auditorium. Or the same table in a restaurant. After close observation, psychologists believe they have figured out the reason for this behavior.
In one such study, Marco Costa, a psychologist at the University of Bologna in Italy selected two lecture halls for a sample of 47 and 31 students. Costa purposefully chose rooms where there were more seats than students so that they had more freedom to choose where to sit. He set up hidden cameras to record how the students chose their seats over a period of four weeks. As suspected, most students picked the same scat over and over. But why?
Costa calls this habit "territoriality(领域感).M The word often makes us think of gangs protecting their territory or wolf packs(群) fighting off other packs to control a certain area. In other words, territoriality usually suggests aggression and defense. However, Costa as well as another psychologist, Professor Robert Gifford of the University of Victoria, believes that this seat-choosing behavior is designed to keep the peace. "Most of the time, most people claim a space and others quietly agree to it," Gifford explained.
The phenomenon of classroom seating selection perhaps shows an even deeper truth. Life can be messy and unpredictable. The reason students go to school is to study. Going to class and knowing where you will sit is just one less thing to distract a student from this greater purpose. In short, sitting in the same place sets students up for a psychologically more comfortable learning environment and makes it easier for them to concentrate on the lecture at hand.
Is early childhood education really necessary? Early childhood education mainly focuses on learning through playing to develop the child's physical, sensory (感官的), communicational and social development. Early childhood education has become a concern of the government, who pushes poor children to be formally trained before they are old enough for kindergarten.
There are good reasons for the government to push early childhood education. Studies have shown that orphans (孤儿)who did not receive good care and education become developmentally delayed, causing failure in school, and even in life. Further studies show that poor children who take part in Head Start programs are more prepared for school, less likely to end up in Special Education classes, and are less likely to receive public help or go to prison.
There are also negative parts to putting a child in formal education programs too early. Time Magazine online explains that " the younger the child, the less his chances of catching up with first-grade work." I have personally seen many children of my generation who went to Head Start programs become discouraged and bored with school before they finished high school. Yet parents have been sure that the earlier the child starts school, the better he or she is, so they push to start children earlier.
Actually while early formal education of poor children does show great gains in the early elementary years, studies also show that this head start is really a "false start", as the gains are lost in middle and high school years. It seems that environment is a bigger factor(因素)on life's success than early education. Head Start programs have not achieved its original goal in closing the achievement gap(差距)in poor and middle school children. Perhaps it is time to find other ways to close that gap.
Scientists in London say they have found the best diet for both humans and the planet. If the world followed the so-called "planetary health" diet, the scientists told Reuters that each year more than 11 million early deaths could be prevented. Scientists say that the way we produce and eat food is very bad for the planet. For the health of the planet, they claim the same diet would reduce greenhouse gases and save more land, water and animals.
Tim Lang, a professor at Britain's University of London, co-led the research. He told Reuters, "The food we eat and how we produce it determines change what we eat and the way we eat by "improving food production and reducing food waste."
Well, what do you eat on the planetary health diet? The scientists who created this diet say it is largely plant-based but still has small amounts of dairy, fish and meat. The diet calls for cutting red meat and sugar by 50 percent and doubling the amount of nuts, fruits, vegetables and legumes.
Food situations around the world are not equal. In certain areas, this would mean great changes. People in North America, for example, eat 6.5 times the recommended amount of red meat. On the other hand, people in South Asia eat only half the amount suggested by the new planetary health diet. Meeting the targets for vegetables would need big changes in other areas. In sub-Saharan Africa, people on average eat 7.5 times the suggested amount of vegetables like potatoes and cassava.
The scientists admit their goal will be difficult to achieve. But for them doing nothing is also not an option. Willet said, "If we can't quite make it, it's better to try and get as close as we can."
Nowadays, cars have become a very common vehicle in our life. As the most important transport, cars have improved our modern life in many ways. However, cars also bring about so many problems for people, which should be given more attention than any time before.
Cars give people the ability to travel to any place they like. Many people begin to travel frequently. This helps people connect with each other better than before. A more obvious influence from cars is the large number of jobs that they create. Jobs in several fields open up thanks to cars, such as jobs in car factories, gas stations and highways. This is a huge positive influence on society because they greatly reduce the unemployment rate.
At the same time, the problems that cars cause seem to be more and more serious. A mass use of cars is bound to have some negative consequences. The widespread use of cars has led to serious traffic jams in cities. They have resulted in are reduction in the use of public transportation in many cities. The need to use and develop public transportation has been much discussed and confirmed. And also, car accidents create a number of injuries and deaths. There are hundreds of thousands of them worldwide every year. Gas let out from the engines of cars pollutes the air in cities around the world. Air pollution creates serious health problems and causes many people to die from it. It has become one of the most serious problems today. Efforts to develop pollution-free engines may be the final solution to this problem.
In conclusion, people should not only enjoy the benefits of cars, but also aim to deal with the problems cars have created. At the same time, the government should improve city traffic systems, encourage people to use public transportation, make efforts to improve road safety and encourage the usage of fuels that are low in pollutants. Only in these ways can the benefits of cars outweigh their harmfulness.
The familiar yellow school bus is the largest system of mass transportation in the US and every school day transports roughly 25 million young people to school and home again after the school day ends. Meanwhile, they are the safest method for getting kids to and from school, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Children are 70 times more likely to arrive at school safely on the school bus than if they had traveled to school driving themselves or riding with friends.
These school buses meet more of the nation's motor vehicle safety standards than any other vehicles on the road. Also, several new technologies available today are making school buses even safer, such as video cameras on the inside and outside, stop arm cameras, GPS tracking and collision lessening systems. Another safety tool on school buses is high seat backs, closely-spaced seats and energy-absorbing seating.
But even the safeness of school buses would not completely sum up why children are safer when riding the big, yellow bus. The bus is only as safe as the professional men and women who drive them. All drivers must obtain a Class B or C Commercial Driver's License (CDL). They are randomly tested for alcohol and drugs, usually have their driving record checked, and are given the same review for criminal history as teachers and other employees who have contact with students. In order to serve as a school bus driver, most applicants are required to successfully complete a training course, along with instruction in the classroom and behind the wheel.
School buses are safe for the environment, not only because each bus replaces 36 passenger cars that would, but for the buses, be on the road taking and picking up school children. Additionally, school buses use alternative green fuels like natural gas, and electric power.
Todd Monteferrario, President of the National School Transportation Association, said parents should remember that the safest and smartest choice is to put their children on the big yellow bus when they can.
New research aimed at understanding the impact of screen time and social media on adolescent brains found in early testing significant differences in brain chemistry for kids who had at least seven hours of screen time a day, compared to kids who used screens less.
Psychologist Lisa Damour explained that social media is incredibly appealing. “We know it triggers the reward centers in the brain. And this is true for grown-ups too, not teenagers and kids,”
Damour said Monday. “We also know that digital technology disturbs things that are important for healthy development—so sleep, one-on-one interactions that are face-to-face, leaning how to focus on one's schoolwork, physical activity So we should already start to be drawing some lines around digital technology, just to protect normal and healthy development.”
Experts suggest avoiding screen time other than video chatting for children younger than 18 months. For children between 2 to 5 years old, the group recommends limiting screen time to one hour per day with “high-quality programs.”
While experts have offered a variety of guidelines for screen time, Damour, recommended parents should start from considering what they're trying to protect. "So we're trying to protect sleep. We're trying to protect family time. We're trying to protect focus. So I think the guidelines should flow from there," she said, "Children need a lot more sleep than people appreciate. Elementary school children need 1l hours a night, middle schoolers need 10 hours a night. High schoolers need 9 hours a night. So if we even do that, that's a good guideline.”
On February 12, Damour is releasing her latest book, "Under Pressure: Confronting the epidemic of Stress and Anxiety in Girls." She explained, "When high schoolers get phones that disturb their sleepconsequently they go on to have higher rates of depression. Social media is just one element of the "broad scope"of factors parents need to consider that may be causing stress and anxiety for kids, she said.
Chimps will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food.
In the laboratory, chimps don't naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random — he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.
Human children, on the other hand are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate a achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive skills, at least when compared with chimps.In tests conducted by Tomtasell, the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests, but were considerably better at understanding the social world.
The cure of what children's minds have and chimps' don't in what Tomasello calls what. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a "we", a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.
Almost all Americans are involved with sports in some way. They may play baseball or volleyball or go swimming or skiing. They may watch football or basketball on the high school, college, or professional level. In reality, sports have reached a point where they play too large a role in daily life.
The overemphasis (过度强调) on sports can be seen most obviously in the vast media coverage of athlete events. It seems as if every race, meet, or match is shown on one television channel or another. In addition, sports news make up about 30 percent of local news. Radio offers a complete list of games and a wide variety of sports shows. Furthermore, many daily papers such as USA Today are devoting more and more space to sports coverage, often in an attempt to attract more readers. The paper with the biggest sports section is the one people will buy.
The way we raise and educate our children also illustrates our sports craziness. As early as six or seven, kids are placed in little leagues, often to play under screaming coaches and pressuring parents. Later, in high school, students who are selected by the school and the community are not those who are the best academically but those who are the best athletically. And college sometimes seems to be more about sports than about learning. The United States may be the only country in the world where people often think of their colleges as teams first and schools second. The names Penn State, Notre Dame and Southern Cal mean "sports" to the public.
Our sports craziness is especially evident in the prestige (声望) given to athletes in the United States. For one thing, we reward them with enormous salaries. In 1990, for example, baseball players averaged 350,000 a year; the average annual salary in the United States is 18,000. Besides their huge salaries, athletes receive the admiration, and sometimes the votes of the public.
Bees are important to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate (授粉)large areas of crops, such as straw berries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.
In 2010, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD). The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive(蜂巢). In October of 2010, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.
There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeepers get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of travelling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.
The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food priced. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the less of that tiny flying insect.
An old saying goes that a near neighbour is better than a distant cousin. This saying has fully proved that neighbours are so significant in our life.
In the past, neighbours helped one another build houses and clear fields. They could offer timely help when someone was in trouble. Families depended on one another for friendship and entertainment. They shared happiness and sorrow from time to time, which brought a harmonious atmosphere.
However, nowadays, lack of communication and interaction between neighbours is a norm. Close relationship between neighbours is not common in our cities. A family may not even know the other families that live next door to them. We live in an age of machines and the Internet, and each family has its own car, TV set, and washing machine. People no longer depend on neighbours as much as they once did. Machines and the Internet keep people apart. In our grandparents' time, women met while they hung out the washing, and men stopped and talked while they mowed their lawns. Today, they can't hear anything above the noise of their power lawn mowers. And women stay inside with their electrical dryers. Children are inside watching their favourite TV shows or playing computer games.
Is the idea of being a good neighbour old-fashioned?In 1965，a power cut hit New York City, and many thousands of people were left helpless. Suddenly everyone shared the same problem, and the largest city became a group of eight million neighbours. People with cars offered rides to those walking. Other people helped direct traffic. Trapped in elevators, people played word games and helped keep each other in good spirits. In times of trouble, people still depend on one another. As time goes on, people may once again feel that being a good neighbour is important.
Shopaholics
TV. The Internet. The mall. Everywhere we look, we see advertisements that urge us to buy. In today's consumer society, we are under constant pressure to shop. Of course, most people only buy what they need and what they can afford. However, there are some people, called shopaholics, who can't control their desire to spend money and buy things. This kind of addictive behaviour can lead large financial problems, family conflict, and deep unhappiness.
What are the symptoms of a shopaholic? People with this problem often spend hours and hours shopping on the Internet or at the mall. Their closets are full of clothing and jewelry that they have never worn, with the price tags still on them. Their homes may be packed with shopping bags and boxes that they bought but never used. Many shopaholics are aware of their own problems, but when they go to a store, they simply can't resist the urge to buy. Some of them are ashamed of their weakness and try to hide it by storing their purchases in places like the attic(阁楼), where others won't see them.
Psychologists suggest there are several reasons for a shopping addiction. For some people, it is a way of relieving stress. For others, shopping is a way to fight loneliness or depression. For people with low self-esteem, shopping can be a way that they prove their self-worth. Sometimes the problem develops out of boredom. It becomes a replacement for other hobbies and interests, and it helps pass the time. Although shopping can temporarily make people feel good, they often experience feelings of shame and guilt later.
When shopping habits get out of control, people need professional help. They can either see a counselor(顾问) or join an organisation such as Shopaholics Anonymous. Groups like this try to help people understand the reasons for their addiction and learn how to control the urge to shop. Their goal is to help people find ways to fulfill themselves that do not lead to serious debt and troubled lives.
Shopaholics refer to those who are addicted to shopping whether they need something or whether they can afford something. There are several symptoms of shopaholics. They spend too much time shopping and can't resist the desire to buy things, many of which are even never used. Shopaholics do so for different reasons, such as reducing stress, fighting loneliness or depression, proving self-worth, killing boredom or time and so on. Anyhow, professional help is available if necessary.
Good friendships seem to be especially helpful for the heart. A three-year Swedish study of more than 13, 600 men and women found that having few or no close friends increased the risk of having a heart attack by about 50 percent. A two-year study of more than 500 women with suspected coronary artery(冠状动脉) disease showed similar results. Women who reported the lowest levels of social support were twice as likely to die during the study. The women who enjoyed close support were not only more likely to be alive after two years, they also had lower rates of high blood pressure and were less likely to have excessive fat.
As reported in the Journal of the National Medical Association, friendships and other types of social support can help relieve stress, a well-known contributor to heart disease. Among other things, stress can encourage inflammation (炎症) in arteries. The research is still not very mature, but some studies have found that people who enjoy close support from friends and family generally have fewer inflammatory chemicals in their blood. The link between social ties and inflammation seems to be especially marked in older people.
When stress does appear, friends can encourage healthy reactions. People who lack strong social support tend to have dramatic and potentially dangerous reactions to scary situations. Their hearts pound and their blood pressure soars. But friends can help keep the heart on a more even keel. A study published in the Annals of Behavioral Medicine found that young men and women discussing rough patches in their lives had a lower pulse and blood pressure when they had a supportive friend at their side.
Finally, friendships may help encourage a heart-healthy lifestyle. As reported in Current Opinion in Psychiatry, people are more likely to eat fruit and vegetables, exercise regularly and quit smoking if they have a network of friends and family.
