题目

计算一组数据：8，9，10，11，12的方差为A．1B．2 C．3D．4 答案：B解析:略A 70-year study of personality suggests that pessimism is a risk factor for early death, especially among men.　　The study results also indicate that pessimism can be linked to increased risk for sudden death from accidents or violence, according to the report published in the March issue of Psychological Science.　　Christopher Peterson of the University of Michigan and his colleagues analyzed data from the Terman Life-Cycle Study, which began by studying California public-school children with high IQs in 1921 and followed them through their life. Most of the 1,528 children were teenagers when the study began. Those still living are now in their 80s. In 1936 and 1940, participants were asked to complete a questionnaire designed to obtain information about difficult life events and their effect on overall outlook. One such question was, “What do you regard as your most serious fault of personality or character?”　　Pessimists were defined as fatalistic(宿命论的)people who tend to blame themselves when things go wrong and who believe that one bad event can ruin the rest of their life. They also tend to expect bad things to happen to them and feel that they have little or no ability to change their situation.　　Males were more likely than females to be classified as pessimistic. Compared with individuals with a more cheerful and optimistic outlook, pessimists were more likely to die from accidents and violence (including suicide).　　A pessimistic personality may lead to poor problem-solving ability, social difficulties and risky decision-making. Taken together, these variables put the pessimist at higher risk of untimely(不适时的) death, say the researchers. Such a person is less likely to avoid or escape potentially dangerous situations, the researchers concluded. “A pessimistic way of thinking in which people worry too much about bad events, predicts untimely death decades later,” according to Peterson1.According to the passage, you may be a pessimistic person, if one failure makes you feel________A.other people have been unfair to youB.other people will help youC.you cannot change a bad situationD.you can do better next time2.According to the passage, pessimists may feel all of the following EXCEPT________A.helpless when faced with difficultiesB.cheerful when faced with troublesC.hopeless when one bad event occursD.guilty when things go wrong3.Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?A.Pessimists believe that everything in life depends on fateB.There are more pessimists among women than among menC.Most pessimists will end up committing suicideD.All pessimists will eventually die from accidents4.The Terman Life-Cycle Study is a research program that studies________A.people over 70 years oldB.people since their childhoodC.pessimistic people over 80 years oldD.only younger people5.The analysis made by Christopher Peterson and his colleagues shows that pessimistic people________A.will die from violence if they learn to be optimisticB.will more likely die from violence than optimistic peopleC.will die from violence because their IQs are lowD.will die untimely if they are not able to learn to be cheerful and optimistic