When thinking about quitting（停止）smoking...
List all the reasons why you want to quit.Every night before going to bed,repeat one of the reasons 10 times.
Decide positively that you want to quit.Try to avoid negative thoughts about how difficult it might be.Develop strong personal reasons as well as your health and responsibility to others.For example,think of all the time you waste taking cigarette breaks,rushing out to buy a pack,hunting a light,etc.Set a date for quitting—perhaps a special day like your birthday,a holiday.If you smoke heavily at work,quit during your vacation.Make the date holy seriously, and don't let anything change it.Begin to condition yourself physically;start a modest（适当的）exercise;drink more water;get plenty of rest.
Immediately after quitting...
The first few days after you quit,spend as much free time as possible in places where smoking is prohibited,e.g. libraries,museums,theatres,department stores,etc.
Drink large quantities of water and fruit juice.Try to avoid wine,coffee,and other drinks which remind you of cigarette smoking.
Strike up a conversation with someone instead of a match fora cigarette.
If you miss the feeling of having a cigarette in your hand,play with something else—a pencil,a pen,a ruler.If you miss having something in your mouth,try a fake（仿制的）cigarette.
White-collar workers increasingly unhealthy
An increasing number of white-collar workers in Shanghai are getting failing grades on their physical examinations, according to a white paper on the health of white-collar workers in Shanghai.
Carried out by Shanghai Foreign Service Group,a human resources company,the report indicated that more than 53 percent of males are overweight,46 percent suffer from a fatty live and about 26 percent have elevated blood lipids（血脂）.However,females are more often diagnosed as having breast lesions（乳房病变）that could lead to cancer (85 percent),thyroid（甲状腺）disorder (34 percent) and hemorrhoids（痔疮）(23 percent).
Though the report also found that white-collar workers were paying increasing attention to their health—with about 84 percent saying they followed their condition closely or very closely—those with healthy lifestyles dropped to 64 percent last year from 77 percent in 2015.
The report came from about 500,000 physical exams taken by while-collar workers in Shanghai over the past five years.“I always eat and drink too much and never exercise,”said Wei Ruoxi,a 26-year-old working in finance who is struggling with being overweight.“I know what a healthy lifestyle looks like,but the job just brings too much pressure and squeezes out exercise time,”she added.Hu Xiaolong,30,an accountant in Shanghai,said he was determined to live healthily from now on.“My recent physical examination shows a little shadow in the lung,which startled me when I heard it.I really need to quit these habits like smoking and staying up late.”
The white paper also showed that more people are turning to commercial health insurance to cope with financial risks caused by health problems.The popularity of insurance purchases among the participants reached 15.3 percent last year,a rise of 4 percentage points in just one year.Most participants also expected their companies to help them with effective health management,such as offering membership cards for gyms,flexible working schedules and regular physical examinations.
Why Do People Blink Their Eyes?
People blink(眨眼) their eyes tens of thousands of times every day. Scientists have long believed blinking was an involuntary movement and served mainly to keep the eyeballs wet. But a new study suggests it has a more important purpose.
An international team of scientists from the University of California at Berkeley studied the blinking of human eyelids. The journal Current Biology published their findings. The team said they found that blinking “repositions our eyeballs so we can stay focused” on what we are seeing. They said that when we blink our eyelids, the eyes roll back into their sockets--the bony area that surrounds and protects the eyes. However, the researchers found the eyes don't always return to the same position. They said this causes the brain to tell the eye muscles to reorganize our eyesight.
Gerrit Maus is the lead writer of the report. He serves as an assistant professor of psychology at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. Maus says: “Our eye muscles are quite sluggish(迟缓的) and imprecise, so the brain needs to constantly adapt its motor signals to make sure our eyes are pointing where they're supposed to. Our findings suggested that the brain measures the difference in what we see before and after a blink, and commands the eye muscles to make the needed corrections.” The researchers said that without such corrections our surroundings would appear unclear and even jumpy. They said the movement acts “like a Steadicam(摄影稳定器) of the mind.”
The researchers said they asked volunteers to sit in a dark room while staring at a small dot on a flat surface. They used special cameras to follow the volunteer's blinks and eye movements. After each blink, the dot was moved one centimeter to the right. The volunteers did not notice this, but the brain did. It followed the movement and directed the eye muscles to refocus on the dot. After the dot was moved in this way 30 times, the volunteers' eyes changed their focus to the place where they predicted it would be.
Professor Maus says “Even though participants did not consciously register that the dot had moved, their brains did, and adjusted with the corrective eye movement. These findings add to our understanding of how the brain constantly adapts to changes, commanding our eye muscles to correct for errors in our bodies' own hardware.”
Researchers at Brigham found about one in five teenagers now have some degree of hearing damage. The researchers did not say why hearing loss has risen, but other experts have strong suspicions. One likely culprit, they say, is MP3 players.
An MP3 player can be dangerous to hearing when its decibel level is turned up too high. High-decibel sounds can damage nerve endings, called hair cells. If a sound is loud enough, the damage can be permanent. A loud sound can shake the membrane (薄膜) on which the hair cells sit- “like an earthquake”. That shake can break or even uproot hair cells. When that happens, the hair cells are finished. Human ears cannot regrow hair cells. Therefore, when listening to an MP3 player, set a volume limit and avoid exposure to loud sounds.
On the other hand, the loudness of today's music may not be totally under your control. Music companies have been purposely turning up the volume. It's a trend called the fight for loudness.
Play a CD from the 1990s. Then play a newly released tune. Don't touch the volume control. You'll probably notice that the new CD sounds louder than the old one. Why? Sound engineers who create CDs are using dynamic range compression (压缩), a technology that makes the quiet parts of a song louder and the loud parts quieter. The overall effect of compression is a louder recording.
Many musicians and sound engineers aren't pleased. They say that compression is driving down the quality of today, s music, making it sound flat and blaring. Gray Hobish, a sound engineer, explains that music should be a combination of loudness and softness. But music companies want to make music louder so it will stand out. That's important in the competition among recording companies.
What about listeners? Many teenagers listen to music on the go in noisy places and through headphones, all of which reduce sound quality. So young listeners may not notice the poorer quality of modem recordings. “To their ears,” says Hobish, “the music sounds fine. And they are not aware of the hidden threat of the music they are enjoying.”
Sweet or salty? What kind of tastes do you like? If like me, you have a sweet tooth and you probably can't resist eating cakes, biscuits or chocolate and will sweeten your tea or coffee with spoonfuls of sugar-delicious! But the taste makes it very easy to ignore the warnings that too much of the white stuff（东西）is bad for our health.
Consuming sugar is an addiction-the more we eat, the more we want. Today's processed food, like ready meals, is related to the stuff and many fizzy（起泡的）drinks contain seven teaspoons of sugar in just one can. In the UK, statistics show that sugar consumption is at its highest level in history and the government is trying to get the food industry to cut the amount of sugar in popular products like chocolate bars by 20% by 2020.
Of course, sugary food tastes nice, it can help lift our mood, and a part in it can refresh us. But there are dangers too :a high-sugar diet is linked to putting on weight, and being overweight can increase the risk of getting type 2 diabetes（糖尿病）. With these warning signs, I have considered changing my diet by replacing sugary snacks with fruit and salty biscuits-but that's boring!
I'm not alone. BBC journalist Radhika Shanghani, has gone one step further. Encouraged by some well-knowns and nutritionists promoting a 'zero tolerance' approach to sugar, she gave it up altogether, thinking it would make her healthier. Initially she says, “My first fortnight involves mood swings. I have disturbing headaches and feel permanently hung-over.” These symptoms disappeared but she still found food shopping hard as she was stressing about buying the right things.
Her experiment wasn't a success. She eventually sought advice from Susan Jebb, professor of diet and population health at Oxford University who said: “Lots of people enjoy sugar and gain pleasure from it, so one has to find a balance between enjoyment and eating the right amount.”
Everyone takes drugs. Sometimes a drug might be called a herb but the effect is the same. Drugs and herbs can make life better for they are used to improve health. From the simplest headache to a cure for cancer, people believe that certain drugs can help them. But there is danger if the drugs are not used in a proper way.
American teenagers sometimes use certain drugs to feel good. They call this “getting high”. The problem is that once a young man or a young woman has the feeling of “getting high”, they want to do it often. If school is boring or too hard, students might get depressed and a drug or herb might help them feel better. If the student takes too much of a drug, the body may change in a wrong way such as a confused mind, poor sight, a headache, and an uncomfortable stomach.
Schools now have D．A．R．E．program which means Drug Abuse Resistance Education. This program was started so that young students from age 10 to 18 might understand how a drug affects their bodies. The main point of the program is education. Once a student understands certain drugs can cause ill health，he will know he should not use them.
Education is the key to good nutrition as well. If a student eats correctly, he or she will be full of energy which leads to good study habits and good grades. Poor nutrition may cause the need for more sleep and poor concentration. Proper food is similar to the proper use of drugs. Both allow a healthy body to grow while misuse of them prevents a person from developing normally.
TRINOLONE ORAL PASTE
COMPOSITION: Each gram contains 1 mg Triamcinolone Acetonide.
INDICATIONS: Trinolone oral paste provides curative, suppressant or arneliorative action in acute and chronic lesions of the oral mucosa.
ADVERSE EFFECTS: Intolerance to the preparation is rare. When used as recommended, systemic effects are very unlikely. However, if any unusual symptoms such as weakness or dizziness should occur, they should be called to the attention of the patient's physician.
CONTRAINDICATIONS: Because it contains a corticosteroid, the preparation is contraindicated in the presence of fungal or bacterial infections of the mouth or throat. Corticosteroids given in high dosage during pregnancy may affect adrenal development in the child.
DOSAGE: Apply a small dab to coat the lesion with a thin film. Do not rub in. It should be applied at bedtime to permit steroid contact with the lesion throughout the night. Depending on the severity of symptoms, it may be necessary to apply the preparation 2 or 3 times a day, preferably after meals. If significant repair or regeneration has not occurred in 7 days consult the doctor.
INCOMPATIBILITIES: There is no known incompatibilities to the use of Trinolone oral paste.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: There is no known drug interactions to the use of Trinolone oral paste.
STORAGE: Store in well closed containers, at room temperature. Protect from light.
MANUFACTURED BY: NIDA PHARMA INCORPORATION CO. LTD. Wang Noi, Ayutthaya, Thailand.
If you are taking vitamin supplements to reduce your risk of heart disease or cancer, a group of health experts want you to know that those vitamins may actually increase your risk of cancer.
The US Preventive Services Task Force came to this conclusion after reviewing dozens of studies.
Nearly half of adults in the US take at least one vitamin or mineral supplement on a regular basis. These pills are advertised as a way to promote general health. In some cases, manufacturers promote them as cancer fighters and heart protectors.
Studies in animals and in laboratory dishes suggest that oxidative(氧化性的) stress contributes to diseases like cancer and heart disease. If so, there is a reason to believe that antioxidants—including beta-carotene, vitamins A, C, and E—could be useful as preventive medicines.
But when the Task Force examined the medical evidence on vitamins, it found “inadequate(不充分的) evidence” to support the claims that vitamin and mineral supplements benefit healthy adults.
“Cardiovascular(心血管的) disease and cancer have a significant health impact in America, and we all want to find ways to prevent these diseases,” Dr. Virginia Moyer, who heads the Task Force, said in a statement. But so far, she added, the medical evidence does not show that taking vitamins is helpful in this regard.
However, the Task Force did find “adequate evidence” that people with a raised risk for lung cancer actually increase their risk further by taking beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A.
The Task Force recommendations of taking vitamins regularly apply to healthy adults aged 50 and older who don't have “special nutritional needs”. The advice does not apply to children, women who are pregnant or may become pregnant, people with chronic illnesses, or people who have to take supplements because they can't get all their essential nutrients from their diet.
Do you love holidays but hate the increase weight that follows? You are not alone.
Holidays are happy days with pleasure and delicious foods. Many people, however, are worried about the weight that comes along with the delicious foods.
With proper planning, it is possible to control your weight. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don't have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy. The following suggestions may be of some help to you.
Do not miss meals. Before you leave home for a feast, have a small, low-fat snack. This may help to keep you from getting too excited before delicious foods.
Begin with clear soup, fruit or vegetables. A large glass of water before you eat may help you feel full. Use a small plate; a large plate will encourage you to have more than enough.
Better not have high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy have much fat in them.
Choose lean meat. Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables.
If you have a sweet tooth, try mints and fruit. They don't have fat content as cream and chocolate.
Don't let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off excess calories.
As a child, I was always told to "eat my greens". These were the unappealing vegetables that sat on the edge of my plate. Peas, and green beans, all looked and tasted 1. Let's face it, when there were so many other delicious treats to 2, why eat boring vegetables?
Since then my taste buds have 3 and I'm also fully aware of the health benefits of eating fresh vegetables. But we still need 4 of the amazing goodness these green super foods give us. In the UK, a campaign has been 5 for several years to encourage us to eat our "5 A Day"—five portions of fruit and vegetables. That's 6evidence has shown there are significant health 7 through getting at least five 80g portions of a variety of fruit and vegetables every day.
But I struggle trying to fit these five portions into my daily 8, partly because I have a sweet 9and vegetables are, well, tasteless. Researchers have been 10 how to make eating vegetables more 11. They analyzed the psychology behind our food 12and found that most of us are 13by taste. Brad Turnwald from Stanford University says that "studies show that people 14 to think of healthier options as less tasty for some reason."
In Europe, a project called VeggieEAT has also been trying to find ways to get people to 15 more vegetables. Project leader, Professor Heather Hartwell believes in 16 encouraging people into eating the right things. One idea is to put a17 of a tasty looking fruit on a supermarket trolley as a 18 about buying something from the fruit store after looking at the picture. She says, "Choice is a really 19 thing. But making vegetables look attractive will increase their sales."
Certainly, eating "twisted citrus-glazed carrots" does sound tempting, even if it just tastes like a carrot, but if it makes us eat more vegetables then that can only be a 20 thing for our health.
When it comes to medical care, many patients and doctors believe “more is better.” But what they do not realize is that overtreatment—too many scans, too many blood tests, too many procedures—may bring harm. Sometimes a test leads you down a path to more and more testing, some of which may be attacking, or to treatment for things that should be left out.
Terrence Power, for example, complained that after his wife learned she had Wegener's disease, an uncommon disorder of the immune system(免疫系统), they found it difficult to refuse testing recommended by her doctor. The doctor insisted on office visits every three weeks, even when she was feeling well. He frequently ordered blood tests and X-rays, and repeatedly referred her to experts for even minor complaints. Even when tests came back negative, more were ordered, and she was hospitalized as prevention when she developed a cold. She had as many as 25 doctor visits during one six-month period. The couple was spending about $30,000 a year for her care.
After several years of physical suffering and near financial ruin from the medical costs, the couple began questioning the treatment after discussing with other patients in online support groups. “It's a really hard thing to determine when doctors have crossed the line,” Mr. Power said. “You think she's getting the best care in the world, but after a while you start to wonder: What is the purpose?” Mr. Power then spoke with his own primary care doctor, who advised him to find a new expert to oversee Mrs. Power's care. Under the new doctor's care, the regular testing stopped and Mrs. Power's condition was stable. Now she sees the doctor only four or five times a year.
One day, a patient came to see me. He worked as a waiter in a restaurant and his problem was acid reflux (胃酸倒流), a disease that influences as many as 40 percent of Americans, a marked increase in recent years. Reflux can lead to esophageal (食道的) cancer, which has increased by about 500 percent since the 1970s. The drugs we use to treat reflux don't always work and may even increase the risk of developing cancer when used long term.
What is responsible for these worrying developments? For one, our poor diet, with its huge increases in the intake of sugar, fat, soft drinks, and unhealthy foods. But another important fact has been overlooked: dinnertime. Over the past twenty years, the time of my patients' evening meals has become later and later. Dinner — already pushed back by longer work hours — is often further delayed (推迟) by activities such as shopping and exercise.
In my experience, the single most important treatment for reflux is to avoid late eating. A patient with reflux came to see me because her father and uncle died of esophageal cancer, and she was afraid of getting it too. Her nightly routine (常规) included a 9 p. m. dinner with at least two bottles of red wine. The reflux was serious, and changes were needed.
She listened, then did not come back to see me for a year. “For the first two months, I just hated you,” she told me, “and for the next two months, I was having some trouble eating. I guessed I was going to die of esophageal cancer.” Then she added, “You know, we're the reason that it's not so easy to get 6 p.m. reservations (预约) at the good restaurants anymore.”
To stop the increase in reflux disease, we have to stop eating at least three hours before bed. As for my waiter patient? I told him to eat dinner before 7 p.m. Within six weeks, his reflux was gone.
Here's an idea whose time has come: A flu shot that doesn't require an actual shot.
For the first time, researchers have tested a flu vaccine patch (疫苗贴) in a human clinical experiment and found that it delivered as much protection as a traditional injection with a needle. Doctors and public health experts have high hopes that it will increase the number of people who get immunized (免疫的) against the flu.
Seasonal flu is responsible for up to half a million deaths around the world each year according to the World Health Organization. A team led by Georgia Tech engineer Mark Prausnitz has come up with an alternative method that uses “microneedles”. These tiny needles are so small that 100 of them, arranged in order on a patch, can fit under your thumb (拇指). Yet they're big enough to hold vaccine for three types of flu.
None of the study volunteers had serious side effects. The groups that got patches had mild skin reactions that were not seen in the regular needle group, while the volunteers in the regular needle group were more likely to experience pain. Overall, 70 percent of the volunteers who got vaccine patches said they'd rather use them again than get a traditional flu shot. The study authors declared it a success on all fronts.
The biggest beneficiaries could be people in low- and middle-income countries, where flu vaccines are hard to come by. Reducing pain is nice, but other benefits—the patch costs less, is easier to transport, doesn't require refrigeration, can be self-administered and doesn't cause waste of needles—are even better.
"Microneedle Patches have the potential to become ideal candidates for vaccination programs," wrote Katja Hoschler and Maria Zambon of Public Health England.
After a morning hike in the Saneum HealingForest,46-year-old firefighter Kang Byoung-wook has tea made from the bark of an elm tree, practices yoga (瑜伽),and makes a picture with dried flowers. He is one of 40 firefighters taking part in a three-day program, the aim of which is to offer“forest healing" (森林治愈);the firefighters all have posttraumatic stress disorder (创伤后应激障碍).
Saneum is one of three official healing forests in South Korea. Soon there will be 34 more. South Koreans-many of whom suffer from work stress, digital addiction, and great academic pressure have accepted the medicalization of nature with great enthusiasm.
There is increasing evidence that being outside in a pleasant natural environment is good for us. But how many of us get to enjoy nature regularly? Fewer and fewer, it seems. According to Lisa Nisbet, a psychology professor at Canada s Trent University, evidence for the benefits of nature is pouring in at a time when we are most disconnected from it.
"We don't think of being outdoors as a way to increase happiness," says Nisbet."We think other things will, like shopping or TV." But South Korea is starting to challenge this opinion.
So what are some of the benefits of nature that Nisbet refers to? Being surrounded by nature has one obvious effect: It calms us and reduces our stress levels. This has been shown to lower blood pressure and heart rates.
Another experiment conducted by psychologist Stephen Kaplan found that people who took a 50-minute walk in a park had better attention and short-term memory than those who took a walk along a city street.
Perhaps what's more surprising is that nature may also make us more creative. David Strayer, a psychologist at the University of Utah, showed as much with a group of participants, who performed 50 percent better on creative problem-solving tasks after three days of wilderness backpacking.
In fact, we may never know exactly what nature does to the brain. Something mysterious will always remain, and maybe that's as it should be.
Carbon dioxide isn't just a greenhouse gas that's thinning the atmosphere, but it's also causing a popular food to lose its nutritional value over time, which will have a major impact on more than 2 billion people worldwide.
According to a recent study conducted in a joint effort by researchers in Japan, China, Australian, and the United States, higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere contribute to the decline of protein (蛋白质) and other key vitamins in rice. The study, published in the journal Science Advances, looked at 18 different agriculture sites in China and Japan over four years and found that the crops exposed to higher levels of carbon dioxide were overall less nutritious than those that were not.
“Many basic crops are impacted by the rise of carbon dioxide with respect to things like protein concentration and iron and zinc,” says Lewis Ziska, a co-author and research plant physiologist at the US Department of Agriculture. The research explains that the exposed rice contained 10 percent less protein, 8 percent less iron, and 5 percent less zinc, while amounts of B1,B2 and B5 vitamins also declined. And increased levels of carbon dioxide doesn't just have a negative effect on rice, but other food staples (主食)ncluding wheat and potatoes also face serious consequences when exposed to higher levels.
While this certainly impacts many people worldwide, it follows that the people that would suffer the most would be those that consume the most rice, which, as the study also found, also happen to be those who live in the poorest countries.
Additional studies are now underway and researchers are trying to solve this problem by looking at the different types of each crop in hopes of finding the types that react the least, or not at all, to high levels of carbon dioxide.
Until then, what can you do? For starters, you can try to eat a variety of foods and get your vitamins and proteins from various sources. Then to help with the larger problem of global warming and climate change, you can make simple lifestyle changes such as hang drying clothes, walking to work, and turning off the lights when you're not home.
Work started this week on next season's flu vaccine (疫苗), with experts working off forecasts about which types of the flu virus will be making the rounds. But don't expect any improvements. Flu experts are already admitting that most vaccines will give at best basic protection, because they're based on old-fashioned technology. It's not a new problem, but one that the slow-moving world of drug and vaccine production seems helpless to improve upon.
Every flu vaccine is a cocktail, aimed at either three or four of the most common flu types. Flu vaccines must be recreated every year because flu viruses develop constantly in a process called antigenic drift. In February, global flu experts gather to trade notes on what viruses are circulating in different countries and to come to an agreement on which types the next vaccines should be made to target.
In recent years, flu vaccines have been based on H1N1, H3N2 and either one or two types of influenza B virus. Each of these has a "reference" type, which is used to make seed virus. Producers add the seed types to eggs and incubate (孵) them as the virus grows. Then they purify the virus, and either weaken it or kill it to make a vaccine.
Using eggs is a tricky (=difficult) and unpredictable process. Sometimes the virus doesn't grow well in eggs, which can mean less vaccine than expected. The result is a flu vaccine that doesn't offer much protection. "As long as we have eggs we are going to have this problem," said Scott Hensley, a flu virus expert, "The only solution is not to depend on eggs."
Flu is a major killer. The 2017-2018 season has been a severe one, hitting the entire U. S. with widespread influenza infection (感染) at once for weeks on end, and killing 97 children so far. Against this threat, even a less satisfying flu vaccine will definitely help. "Even when you have these mismatches it will not prevent infection but likely prevent disease severity," said Hensley.
What will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology (生物技术). With the help of new medicine, the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and war. Today's leading killers, such as heart disease, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memories.
In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human brains were known to decide the final death. Cells (细胞) are the basic units of all living things, and until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever. But the upper limits will be broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs (器官). The medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells, and so on－in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.
It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic condition of human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.
First aid means what it says the aid, or help that can be given to an injured person first which is before any other help. Usually the first thing we should do if a serious accident happens is to telephone for an ambulance, but sometimes quick actions by us may save someone's life.
Shock: people often suffer from shock after receiving an injury. The face turns grey and the skin becomes damp and cold. They breathe quickly. They should be kept warm. Cover them with a blanket and give them a warm drink.
Broken Bones: Don't move the person. Send for an ambulance at once.
Poison: A person who has swallowed poison should be taken to hospital at once. With some poisons, sleeping pills, for example, it is a good thing to make the person sick by pushing your fingers down his throat. But if he has swallowed some kind of acid, or anything that burns, it would be a bad thing to make the person sick by pushing your fingers down his throat. The poison would burn his throat as it came up. It is, therefore, best to find out what the person has taken so that you can call to tell the doctor.
Suffocation: This means not being able to breathe. For example, a drowning person will have his lungs full of water. Lay him down with his head lower than the rest of his body so that the water will drain out. If a person has something stuck in his throat, try to remove it with your fingers, or by hitting him on the back. When a person has stopped breathing because of drowning, electric shock, breathing in a poisonous gas etc. you can help him to begin breathing again.
Remember: When an accident happens, send someone to telephone for an ambulance at once. Keep the injured person warm and quiet. Give him plenty of air. Do not let other people crowd around him. If you see an injured person who is being looked after, keep away.
As your teacher passes out the math test, your hands turn sweaty. Your heart begins to race. Glancing down at the page, you suddenly forget those operations on which you drilled only a few days earlier. What's the multiplication table? Oh, you know it—well you're pretty sure, right? Suddenly, you start to doubt a lot of things that you "know".
If that sounds familiar, you might suffer from math anxiety. Or maybe not. Even researchers who study this condition note that it can be surprisingly hard to define(下定义) math anxiety. It's also hard to identify precisely how many people suffer from it.
To diagnose(诊断) math anxiety, researchers design questionnaires, asking things like: "How anxious would you feel about being given a set of division problems to solve on paper?" Those who score high on these surveys will be labeled math-anxious. But the exact part will fluctuate, depending on where the line defined as high is drawn by the researchers.
In general, people who panic over their math skills tend to do worse in math classes than people who don't mind numbers. But that's not always true. "Just because you're math-anxious, that doesn't always mean you're bad at math," notes Rose Vukovic, an educational psychologist at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis.
Math anxiety affects people of all ages. Its effects don't end at graduation. Throughout life, this type of stress can stand in the way of mastering skills or projects in a host of areas that rely on computations.
The good news is that the problem is manageable. Ian Lyons, a psychologist at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. Compares it to public speaking. Many people get anxious before giving speech or performing. "You can respond to that positively and use that," he says, "or you can go the other way." The most important is whether you can see that stress as a positive challenge to overcome.
It would be nice if eating a particular food could magically protect you against all the boring illnesses. It's not that simple, of course. Hand washing remains your best defense against picking up illnesses, and sleep is a strong defense too. But what you eat does play an important part. Though it isn't because of just one or two foods, what you eat in your daily diet have an effect on how weak or strong your immunity(免疫力)is.
We'd better eat fruits and vegetables every day. They contain key vitamins needed in the immune system. For example, Vitamin C and Ain foods help immune system work well to keep us healthy. Remember that eating the actual fruit or veggie is better than eating single-vitamin supplements(补品).
Getting too little protein(蛋白质) can weaken your immune system. Protein-rich foods supply the amino acids(氨基酸)you need to build important proteins in the body. Animal foods like beef and pork also contain zinc(锌), which your body uses to make t-cells.
Fermented foods are foods that are naturally protected by bacteria(细菌), and they're good for the micro biome(微生物). That's the name for the bacteria that live in your stomach, where a lot of cells in immunity actually live. Fermented foods like yogurt help beneficial bacteria develop fast in the stomach, leaving less room for harmful bacteria.
